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Ruby on Rails on Oracle
2009.5.20
Hoon Lee
Department of Logistics Information Technology
목차
0. Overview
1. Oracle 11g
Oracle.com, Installation, Registration, …
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
IRB, Module, Method, String, Class, …
3. Ruby on Rails
rubyonrails.org, Download, Installation, …
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
Setup, Install, Create, Edit, Browser, …
5. Another way using Oracle
Create, Edit, Script, Browser, …
6. Reference
2
0. Overview
 Who made it?, What does it?
–
–
–
–
Ruby has made by Yukihiro Matsumoto on 1993.
Ruby is object oriented script language. (ex: Perl, Python, PHP)
Rails has made by David Heinemeier Hansson in 37signals.
Rails has been developed to Web Application Development
Framework by using Ruby language.
Yukihiro Matsumoto
David Heinemeier Hansson
3
1. Oracle 11g
 Oracle.com
4
1. Oracle 11g
 Installation Mode/Type
Click to next...
5
1. Oracle 11g
 Pre-conditions
Click to next...
6
1. Oracle 11g
 Registration of Oracle Configuration Manager
Click to next...
7
1. Oracle 11g
 Summary for Installation
Click to next...
8
1. Oracle 11g
 Installation
9
1. Oracle 11g
 Setup of Configuration
10
1. Oracle 11g
 Result of Configuration
Click to next...
11
1. Oracle 11g
 Password Management
12
1. Oracle 11g
 End of Installation
Click to next...
13
1. Oracle 11g
 Installed Programs and Environment
14
1. Oracle 11g
 Database Control
15
1. Oracle 11g
 Database Control – Instance Information
16
1. Oracle 11g
 SQL Plus – DBA_USERS
17
1. Oracle 11g
 Database Control – Unlock SCOTT
18
1. Oracle 11g
 Database Control – No/Yes?
19
1. Oracle 11g
 SQL Plus – Connection to SCOTT
SQL> update dba_users set lock_date = NULL where username = ‘SCOTT’;
Before the change on
Oracle Control
After the change on
Oracle Control
20
1. Oracle 11g
 SQL Plus – Connection to SCOTT
21
1. Oracle 11g
 Environment for RoR – tnsname.ora, listener.ora
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 211.212.234.18)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
listener.ora
Sample programs use a
tnsname(RAILS) in Ruby on Rails.
tnsname.ora
22
1. Oracle 11g
 Tip - “Microsoft LoopBack Adapter”
– IP: 192.168.0.1
-> tnsname.ora
-> listener.ora
Oracle 11g doesn’t support localhost(127.0.0.1)
23
1. Oracle 11g
 Tip – OracleDBConsoleorcl
– Start Type: Manual
Oracle 11g has a bug with OracleDBConsoleorcl
24
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
 www.ruby-lang.com
25
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
 http://tryruby.hobix.com/
26
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
 http://www.rubylang.org/en/documentation/quickstart/
27
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
 Interactive Ruby
– IRB: stands for Interactive Ruby
irb(main):001:0> "Hello World"
=> "Hello World"
irb(main):002:0>
28
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
 Ruby Obeyed You!
– to print out “Hello World”
– puts is the basic command to print something
– puts always returns nil(absolutely-positively-nothing value)
irb(main):002:0> puts "Hello World"
Hello World
=> nil
irb(main):003:0>
 Your Free Calculator is Here
– Basic calculate, Math objects
irb(main):003:0>
=> 5
irb(main):004:0>
=> 6
irb(main):005:0>
=> 9
irb(main):006:0>
=> 3.0
irb(main):007:0>
3+2
3*2
3**2
Math.sqrt(9)
29
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
– Modules, Group Code by Topic
– Modules serve two roles in Ruby.
– One role = grouping similar methods together under a
familiar name
– Method with a parameter
irb(main):007:0> a = 3 ** 2
=> 9
irb(main):008:0> b = 4 ** 2
=> 16
irb(main):009:0> Math.sqrt(a+b)
=> 5.0
irb(main):010:0>
 Definition of the method
irb(main):010:0> def h
irb(main):011:1> puts "Hello World!"
irb(main):012:1> end
=> nil
irb(main):013:0>
• nil tells us that it knows we’re done defining the method
30
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
 The Brief, Repetitive Lives of a Method
– Calling a method
irb(main):013:0> h
Hello World!
=> nil
irb(main):014:0> h()
Hello World!
=> nil
irb(main):015:0>
• If method doesn’t take parameters, empty parentheses aren't
needed
– Method with parameter
irb(main):015:0>
irb(main):016:1>
irb(main):017:1>
=> nil
irb(main):018:0>
Hello Matz!
=> nil
irb(main):019:0>
def h(name)
puts "Hello #{name}!"
end
h("Matz")
• The braces(“#{name}”) is turned into a string
31
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
 Holding Spots in a String
– Method with default parameter
irb(main):019:0>
irb(main):020:1>
irb(main):021:1>
=> nil
irb(main):022:0>
Hello Chris!
=> nil
irb(main):023:0>
Hello World!
=> nil
def h(name = "World")
puts "Hello #{name.capitalize}!"
end
h "chris"
h
• The parentheses are optional on #023
• The braces(“#{name}”) is capitalized properly
32
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
 Evolving Into a Greeter
– “Greeter” class with methods
irb(main):024:0> class Greeter
irb(main):025:1> def initialize(name = "World")
irb(main):026:2>
@name = name
irb(main):027:2> end
irb(main):028:1> def say_hi
irb(main):029:2>
puts "Hi #{@name}!"
irb(main):030:2> end
irb(main):031:1> def say_bye
irb(main):032:2>
puts "Bye #{@name}, come back soon."
irb(main):033:2> end
irb(main):034:1> end
=> nil
• @name is an instance variable, is a available to all the methods
in the class
33
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
irb(main):035:0> g = Greeter.new("Pat")
=> #<Greeter:0x16cac @name="Pat">
irb(main):036:0> g.say_hi
Hi Pat
!=> nil
irb(main):037:0> g.say_bye
Bye Pat, come back soon.
=> nil
• Create a greeter object g. it’s name is with “Pat”.
rb(main):038:0> g.@name
SyntaxError: compile error
(irb):52: syntax error, unexpected tIVAR
g.@name
^
from (irb):52
• If we want to get at the name directly? Can’t do it.
• Instance variables are hidden away inside the object.
34
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
 Under the Object’s Skin
– The hidden methods exist in Greeter objects?
irb(main):039:0> Greeter.instance_methods
=> ["inspect", "clone", "to_yaml", "public_methods", "display", "instance_variab
le_defined?", "equal?", "freeze", "methods", "respond_to?", "dup", "instance_var
iables", "__id__", "method", "eql?", "h", "id", "to_yaml_properties", "singleton
_methods", "taguri", "send", "taint", "frozen?", "taguri=", "instance_variable_g
et", "say_hi", "__send__", "instance_of?", "to_a", "type", "to_yaml_style", "pro
tected_methods", "object_id", "instance_eval", "==", "===", "instance_variable_s
et", "say_bye", "kind_of?", "extend", "to_s", "hash", "class", "tainted?", "=~",
"private_methods", "nil?", "untaint", "is_a?"]
• this is all of the methods for Greeter objects, including ones
defined by ancestor classes.
irb(main):040:0> Greeter.instance_methods(false)
=> ["say_bye", "say_hi"]
• to not include ancestors by passing it the parameter false
35
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
irb(main):041:0> g.respond_to?("name")
=> false
irb(main):042:0> g.respond_to?("say_hi")
=> true
irb(main):043:0> g.respond_to?("to_s")
=> true
• Which methods our greeter object responds to?
• “to_s” is used to convert something to a string.
 Altering Classes - It’s Never Too Late
– Access to an object’s variables
irb(main):044:0> class Greeter
irb(main):045:1> attr_accessor :name
irb(main):046:1> end
=> nil
• The changes will be present in any new objects.
36
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
irb(main):047:0> g = Greeter.new("Andy")
=> #<Greeter:0x3c9b0 @name="Andy">
irb(main):048:0> g.respond_to?("name")
=> true
irb(main):049:0> g.respond_to?("name=")
=> true
irb(main):050:0> g.say_hi
Hi Andy!
=> nil
irb(main):051:0> g.name="Betty"
=> "Betty"
irb(main):052:0> g
=> #<Greeter:0x3c9b0 @name="Betty">
irb(main):053:0> g.name
=> "Betty"
irb(main):054:0> g.say_hi
Hi Betty!
=> nil
• Using attr_accessor defined two new methods, name to get the
value, and name= to set it.
37
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
 Greeting Anything and Everything, MegaGreeter
Neglects None!
– Create a file, and run it.
• To quit IRB, type “quit”, “exit” or just hit Control-D
#!/usr/bin/env
rubyclass MegaGreeter
attr_accessor :names
# Create the object
def initialize(names = "World")
@names = names
end
# Say hi to everybody
def say_hi
if @names.nil?
puts "..."
elsif @names.respond_to?("each")
# @names is a list of some kind, iterate!
@names.each do |name|
puts "Hello #{name}!"
end
else
puts "Hello #{@names}!"
end
end
ri20min.rb38
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
# Say bye to everybody
def say_bye
if @names.nil?
puts "..."
elsif @names.respond_to?("join")
# Join the list elements with commas
puts "Goodbye #{@names.join(", ")}. Come back soon!"
else
puts "Goodbye #{@names}. Come back soon!"
end
end
end
if __FILE__ == $0
mg = MegaGreeter.new
mg.say_hi
mg.say_bye
# Change name to be "Zeke"
mg.names = "Zeke"
mg.say_hi
mg.say_bye
# Change the name to an array of names
mg.names = ["Albert", "Brenda", "Charles", "Dave", "Englebert"]
mg.say_hi
mg.say_bye
# Change to nil
mg.names = nil
mg.say_hi
mg.say_bye
end
ri20min.rb
39
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
• Save this file as “ri20min.rb”, and run it as “ruby ri20min.rb”
Hello World!
Goodbye World. Come back soon!
Hello Zeke!
Goodbye Zeke. Come back soon!
Hello Albert!
Hello Brenda!
Hello Charles!
Hello Dave!
Hello Englebert!
Goodbye Albert, Brenda, Charles, Dave, Englebert. Comeback soon!
...
...
ruby ri20min.rb
• Sharp mark(#) is a comment line, but first line of the file tells
how to run the file.
 Cycling and Looping - a.k.a. Iteration
@names.each do |name|
puts "Hello #{name}!“
end
• The variable between pipe characters is the parameter for this
block(@names)
40
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
 Blocks, the Highly Sparkling Glint on the Edge of
Ruby
– The real power of block
elsif @names.respond_to?("join")
# Join the list elements with commas
puts "Goodbye #{@names.join(", ")}. Come back soon!"
• Elements are joined/sequenced by parameter. Prints out like
string.
 Kicking Off the Script
if __FILE__ == $0
• __FILE__ contains the name of current file.
• $0 is the name of the file used to start the program
• This check says “If this is the main file being used…” This allows a
file to be used as a library, and not to execute code in that
context, but if the file is being used as an executable, then
execute that code
41
2. Ruby in Twenty Minutes
 Ruby From Other Languages
42
3. Ruby on Rails
 http://rubyonrails.org/
43
3. Ruby on Rails
 Smart people saying nice things
– “Rails is the most well thought-out web development
framework I’ve ever used. And that’s in a decade of doing web
applications for a living. I’ve built my own frameworks, helped
develop the Servlet API, and have created more than a few
web servers from scratch. Nobody has done it like this before.”
- James Duncan Davidson, Creator of Tomcat and Ant –
– “Ruby on Rails is a breakthrough in lowering the barriers of
entry to programming. Powerful web applications that
formerly might have taken weeks or months to develop can
be produced in a matter of days.”
- Tim O'Reilly, Founder of O'Reilly Media -
44
3. Ruby on Rails
– “It is impossible not to notice Ruby on Rails. It has had a huge
effect both in and outside the Ruby community... Rails has
become a standard to which even well-established tools are
comparing themselves to.”
- Martin Fowler, Author of Refactoring, PoEAA, XP Explained –
– “What sets this framework apart from all of the others is the
preference for convention over configuration making
applications easier to develop and understand.”
- Sam Ruby, ASF board of directors -
– “Rails is the killer app for Ruby.”
- Yukihiro Matsumoto, Creator of Ruby -
45
3. Ruby on Rails
 Who is already on Rails?
46
3. Ruby on Rails
 Download software
47
3. Ruby on Rails
 RubyGems
48
3. Ruby on Rails
 http://rubyforge.org/
49
3. Ruby on Rails
 Installation of RubyGems & Rails
50
3. Ruby on Rails
 Install a Rails
– Run “gem install rails”
if Gem::Version.new(Gem::RubyGemsVersion) >= Gem::Version.new('1.2.0') then
s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<rake>, [">= 0.8.3"])
s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<activesupport>, ["= 2.3.2"])
s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<activerecord>, ["= 2.3.2"])
s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<actionpack>, ["= 2.3.2"])
s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<actionmailer>, ["= 2.3.2"])
s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<activeresource>, ["= rails-2.3.2.gemspec
2.3.2"])
Ref) C:\Ruby\lib\ruby\gems\1.8\cache/doc/gems/specifications
51
3. Ruby on Rails
 Make a Web Application
52
3. Ruby on Rails
 Make a New Project
– Run “rails path/to/your/new/application”
53
3. Ruby on Rails
 Run a Web Server
– Move “cd path/to/your/new/application”
– Run “ruby script/server”
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../config/boot'
require 'commands/server'
server
54
3. Ruby on Rails
 http://localhost:3000/
55
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
 http://www.oracle.com/technology/pub/articles/ha
efel-oracle-ruby.html
56
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
 Step 1: Set up the Oracle database
– Refer to the “1. Oracle 11g”
– Create a user on SQL Plus – ruby/ruby
SQL> GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE TO ruby IDENTIFIED BY ruby;
SQL> ALTER USER ruby DEFAULT TABLESPACE users TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp;
SQL> EXIT
 Step 2: Install Ruby, RubyGems, Rails, and the
Ruby/Rails Oracle library
– Refer to the “3. Ruby on Rails”
• Use the "One-Click Ruby Installer for Windows 1.8.6-26 Final
Release“
• Follow the installation instructions
57
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
– Update RubyGems to latest version
C:\Ruby>gem update --system
Updating RubyGems
Updating rubygems-update
Successfully installed rubygems-update-1.3.3
:0:Warning: Gem::SourceIndex#search support for String patterns is deprecated
Updating RubyGems to 1.3.3
Installing RubyGems 1.3.3
Installing RubyGems
Installing gem executable
Removing old source_cache files
Removing old RubyGems RDoc and ri
Installing rubygems-1.3.3 ri into C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/doc/rubygems-1.3.3/r
i
Installing rubygems-1.3.3 rdoc into C:/Ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/doc/rubygems-1.3.3
/rdoc
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------= Announce: RubyGems Release 1.3.3
…
58
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
– Install Rails
C:\Ruby>gem install rails -v 2.3.2
Successfully installed rails-2.3.2
1 gem installed
Installing ri documentation for rails-2.3.2...
Installing RDoc documentation for rails-2.3.2...
– Install Ruby Oracle library(Ruby-oci8)
C:\Ruby>gem install ruby-oci8 -v 1.0.4
Successfully installed ruby-oci8-1.0.4-x86-mswin32
1 gem installed
Installing ri documentation for ruby-oci8-1.0.4-x86-mswin32...
Installing RDoc documentation for ruby-oci8-1.0.4-x86-mswin32...
– Install ActiveRecord Oracle enhanced adapter
C:\Ruby>gem install activerecord-oracle-adapter --source http://gems.rubyonrails.org
Successfully installed activerecord-oracle-adapter-1.0.0.9250
1 gem installed
Installing ri documentation for activerecord-oracle-adapter-1.0.0.9250...
Installing RDoc documentation for activerecord-oracle-adapter-1.0.0.9250...
59
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
 Step 3: Create the Web Application
– Create a new project using the rails command line application
C:\Ruby\temp>rails comics_catalog -d oracle
create
create app/controllers
create app/helpers
create app/models
create app/views/layouts
create config/environments
create config/initializers
create config/locales
create db
create doc
create lib
create lib/tasks
create log
create public/images
create public/javascripts
create public/stylesheets
create script/performance
create test/fixtures
create test/functional
create test/integration
create test/performance
create test/unit
create vendor
create vendor/plugins
create tmp/sessions
60
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
– Edit database.yml using Oracle database
If you use ActiveRecord Oracle enhanced adapter,
specify 'oracle_enhanced' instead of 'oracle' as the adapter
61
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
 Create a Web application using the Rails scaffold



C:\Ruby\temp\comics_catalog>ruby script/generate scaffold comic title:string issue:integer
publisher:string
exists app/models/
exists app/controllers/
exists app/helpers/
create app/views/comics
exists app/views/layouts/
exists test/functional/
exists test/unit/
create test/unit/helpers/
exists public/stylesheets/
create app/views/comics/index.html.erb
create app/views/comics/show.html.erb
create app/views/comics/new.html.erb
create app/views/comics/edit.html.erb
create app/views/layouts/comics.html.erb
create public/stylesheets/scaffold.css
create issue:integer
app/controllers/comics_controller.rb
"title:string
publisher:string" represents a table column
create test/functional/comics_controller_test.rb
Rails code
generator
created model, view, and controller Ruby code to
create
app/helpers/comics_helper.rb
createCOMICS
test/unit/helpers/comics_helper_test.rb
access the
table
route map.resources :comics
If youdependency
make any
changes to the database tables, you'll need to run the
model
app/models/
scaffoldexists
command
again.
exists test/unit/
exists test/fixtures/
create app/models/comic.rb
62
create test/unit/comic_test.rb
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
– Create a database
C:\Ruby\temp\comics_catalog>rake db:migrate
(in C:/Ruby/temp/comics_catalog)
== CreateComics: migrating
===================================================
-- create_table(:comics)
-> 0.1100s
-> 0 rows
== CreateComics: migrated (0.1100s) ==========================================
– Start a Web Server


C:\Ruby\temp\comics_catalog>ruby script/server
=> Booting WEBrick
=> Rails 2.3.2 application starting on http://0.0.0.0:3000
=> Call with -d to detach
=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server
[2009-05-12 00:53:22] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1
can change
the Ruby code at anytime without restarting
[2009-05-12 00:53:22] INFO ruby 1.8.6 (2008-08-11) [i386-mswin32]
INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start:
port=3000
if we[2009-05-12
change 00:53:22]
the database
configuration pid=7376
file, need
to restart
the server
63
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
 Web Browser - List
64
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
 Web Browser – Create a new record
65
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
 Web Browser - List
66
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
 Web Browser – Edit a record
67
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
 http://ruby-oci8.rubyforge.org/en/
To get a Ruby Oracle Library
68
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
 http://github.com/rsim/oracleenhanced/tree/master
To get a ActiveRecord Oracle Adapter
69
4. Ruby on Rails on Oracle
 Files and Directories
– \comics_catalog\app
•
•
•
•
models\comic.rb
views\comics or layouts\*.erb
controllers\*.rb
helper\*.rb
– \comics_catalog\config\database.yml
– \comics_catalog\db\schema.rb
– …
 Make API DOC – “C:\comics_catalog>rake doc:app”
70
5. Another way using Oracle
 SQL Plus – Create a user(RAIL)
71
5. Another way using Oracle
 Edit – Make a comics.sql to create table(s) and
record(s)
72
5. Another way using Oracle
 SQL Plus – Run a script file
73
5. Another way using Oracle
 Create a New Project(comics_catalog)
C:\> rails comics_catalog
 Move to directory(comics_catalog)
C:\> cd comics_catalog
 Edit a database.yml in config directory
– development: adapter: oci username: ruby password: ruby
host: RAILS
 Create a Web application using the Rails scaffold
C:\comics_catalog>
ruby script/generate scaffold Comic
–
 Start a Web Server
C:\comics_catalog>
ruby script/server
–
 Check by Web Browser
– http://localhost:3000/comics/list
74
6. Reference
 Ruby Programming Language
– http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/
 Ruby on Rails
– http://rubyonrails.org/
 RubyForge – Project Library
– http://rubyforge.org/
 Ruby Central
– http://www.rubycentral.com/
 Ruby on Rails on Oracle: A Simple Tutorial
– http://www.oracle.com/technology/pub/articles/haefel-oracleruby.html
 Oracle Database Software Downloads
– http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database
/index.html
75
Thank You!