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KINGDOM PLANTAE WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS? ALL PLANTS: ARE MULTI-CELLULAR Made of more than one cell. ARE MACROSCOPIC Can be seen with the naked eye. PLANT CELLS WHAT TYPE OF CELLS ARE PLANT CELLS? EUKARYOTIC Nucleus PLANT CELLS Cell Wall The cell wall is made primarily of CELLULOSE, a complex carbohydrate. • Keeps the cell from rupturing • Prevents water loss • Shape and protection PLANT CELLS Vacuole Vacuoles are membrane-bound spaces used for temporary storage of materials. Chloroplast PLANT CELLS The chloroplasts are cell organelles that capture light energy and produce food (glucose) to store. They contain the photosynthetic pigment, CHLOROPHYLL. This primary photoreceptor absorbs the light energy. CHLOROS- “green”, PHYLLON- “leaf” ALL PLANTS: are (also called producers) because they can produce their own food. 6CO2 + 6H2O→C6H12O6 + 6O2 There are a few plants that are also heterotrophs: They attract, capture, and kill organisms (mostly insects) and absorb the nutrients from their prey. WHY ARE PLANTS IMPORTANT TO HETEROTROPHS? oxygen Many medicines are made from plant materials. Without plants, we wouldn’t have chocolate, tea, or coffee plant reproduction All plants reproduce sexually. Some can also reproduce asexually. ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS During their lives, all plants alternate between: a haploid (half the chromosomes) gametophyte (produces gametes) stage and a diploid (complete set of chromosomes) sporophyte (produces spores) stage PLANTS ARE DIVERSE Some plants are terrestrial Some plants are aquatic PLANTS ARE DIVERSE Plants vary in size Rafflesia Duckweed CanAmorphophallus be around 1 mmtitanum Redwood trees Can get up to 350 ft tall PLANTS ARE DIVERSE LIFESPAN Brassica rapa: 40 days Bristlecone Pine: 5000 years Plants are believed to have evolved from green algae. Green algae and plants both have: cell walls made of cellulose contain chlorophyll store food in the form of starch