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Anatomy of the Leaf And Transpiration Leaves are the primary site of photosynthesis in a plant. Three kinds of layers makes up a leaf 1. Epidermis: outer layer 2. Mesophyll: Middle layer 3. Vascular bundles: Transports Materials through the mesophyll Cross section of a leaf Transport in Plants Veins are the basic structure of transport in the plant. 1. H2O and minerals need to move from the root system to the rest of the plant (xylem) 2. Sugar needs to move from the leaves to storage area and other places energy is needed in the plant (phloem) Transpiration Pulls Water Up in A Plant Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from a plant. *occurs through the stomata -the stomata can open for gas exchange in photosynthesis (CO2/O2) -Loss of water vapor creates “suction” drawing water up through the xylem from the root system - like a straw -90% of water taken in by the roots is lost through the leaves *regulated by the guard cells -stoma opens and closes because of water pressure within the guard cells -high water pressure causes the cells to “bow” and the stoma to open *the inside edge of the cell is thicker causing the cell to bow when it swells with water -low water pressure causes the cell to “relax” and the stoma to close Stomata