Download The Rise of Islam

The Rise of Islam
World History
Ms. McGrail
Arabia
 Arabia is in a part of the world
called the Middle East
 Its geography affected how
people lived their day to day
lives
 Mostly desert
 High temperatures
 Sandstorms make it difficult to
see
 Water and plant life are found
at oases
The Early Arabs
 The early Arabs lived in clans and tribes
that were loyal to one another
 These people were called Bedouins
 They were nomadic tribes who lived on
the Arabian peninsula
 They lived in tents, ate dried fruits and
nuts, and drank milk from the animals
they herded
 A majority of the people lived in small
villages and made their money by
trading goods with other civilizations
 They would travel in caravans or groups
The Prophet of Islam
 Muhammad was born in 570 C.E. in the city of Mecca
 Mecca was a bustling town at the center of trade
 Even though he was successful, he was not happy
 He felt that the rich town leaders should:
 Go back to the old traditional ways
 Honor their families
 Be fair in business
 Help the poor
Prophet Cont.
 Muhammad went to the hills to
meditate
 In 610 C.E. he was visited by the
angel Gabriel
 He was told by the angel to
preach Islam
 Islam means “Surrendering to
the will of Allah”
 Allah is the Arabic word for
God
Muhammad’s Teachings
 Muhammad went back to Mecca and told everyone to break the statues
of false gods
 He told them to only worship Allah, the one true God
 Muhammad taught that all people were equal:
 The rich should share their things
 Being rich was not as important as leading a good life
 When the Day of Judgment came, God would reward the good and
punish the bad
Opposition to Islam
 Religious leaders and the rich did not like Islam and punished those
who followed Muhammad
 Muhammad and his followers were forced to flee Mecca in 622 C.E.
and moved north to a city called Medina
 “City of the Prophet”
 Muhammad created a government in Medina that used its power in
politics to support Islam
 This was called an Islamic state
 In 630 C.E. Muhammad’s army took over Mecca and made it a holy
city
Islam’s Teachings
 Islam, Judaism, and Christianity believe
many of the same things:
 Believe in one God who spoke to
people through prophets
 These are called Semitic religions
 Muslims believe Abraham, Moses, Jesus,
and Muhammad are the prophets
 Christians see Jesus as divine/god-like
 Muslims do NOT see Muhammad as
divine
 Just a good person and prophet
Islam’s Teaching Cont.
 Muslims wrote down what Allah
told Muhammad in the Quran, the
holy book of Islam
 The Quran was a book on how
to live
 Be honest, treat others fairly,
honor their parents, give to
the poor, do not murder, lie,
or steal
 Cannot eat pork, drink
alcohol, or gamble
Five Pillars of Islam
 Testimony of Faith - Shahada
 Must declare belief in only one god,
Allah
 Prayer - Salat
 Must pray towards Mecca five times
a day
 Almsgiving- Zakat
 All Muslims are expected to donate
money to the poor
5 pillars Cont.
 Fasting - Sawm
 Must abstain from eating,
drinking, and sexual activity
from sun up to sun down
during Ramadan
 Pilgrimage - Hajj
 All Muslims should travel to
Mecca at least one time in
their lives if they are
physically and financially able