Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
MUSCLES HCS 1050 SLO 2 TYPES OF MUSCLES • Smooth muscles Location: Makes up the walls of hollow body organs, blood vessels, respiratory, passageways Cell Characteristics: Tapered at each end, branching networks, non-striated Control Action: Involuntary Produces peristalsis; contracts and relaxes slowly, may sustain contraction SMOOTH MUSCLE TYPES OF MUSCLE • Cardiac Muscle Location: Wall of the heart Cell Characteristics: Branching networks; special membranes between cells; single nucleus; lightly striated Control Action: Involuntary Pumps blood out of heart; self-excitatory my nervous system and hormones CARDIAC MUSCLE TYPES OF MUSCLE • Skeletal Muscle Location: Attached to bones Cell Characteristics: Long and cylindrical; multinucleated; heavily striated Control Action: Voluntary Produces movement at joints; stimulated by nervous system; contracts and relaxes rapidly SKELETAL MUSCLE THREE PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES 1) Movement of the skeleton - muscles are attached to bones and contract to change position of the bones at a joint 2) Maintenance of posture - a steady partial contraction of muscle, known as muscle tone, keeps the body in position 3) Generation of heat - muscles generate most of the heat needed to keep the body at 37 degrees Celsius THE MECHANICS OF MUSCLE MOVEMENT • Most muscles have two or more points of attachment to the skeleton. • Muscles are attached to a bone at each end by a cordlike extension called a tendon. • One end of the bone is attached to a relatively stable, less movable attachment called the origin • The other end of the muscle attaches to a body part that the muscle puts into action. This is called the insertion TENDONS, ORIGINS AND INSERTIONS • Fascia or Deep Fascia covers, separates and protects skeletal muscle • Ligaments are bands of connective tissue that connect a bone to another bone • Cartilage is found on the bone surfaces of freely movable joints and form a smooth layer also known as articular cartilage. Some complex joints such as the knee, also have additional cartilage between the bones (crescent-shaped medial and lateral meniscus) LIGAMENTS OF THE KNEE FASCIA CARTILAGE HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED • Location – using a nearby bone, a position such as lateral, medial, internal or external • Size – using terms such as maximus, major, minor, longus, or brevis • Shape – such as circular (orbicularis), triangular (deltoid) or trapezoid (trapezius) • Direction of fibers – including straight (rectus) or angled (oblique) HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED • Number of heads (attachment points)example biceps, triceps and quadriceps • Action – as in flexor, extensor, adductor, abductor or levator