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Energy Basics and the
Laws of Thermodynamics
Part 1: Energy Basics
1.
Define energy and matter?
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2.
Matter is stuff.
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Energy is the capacity to take action and move matter around.
How are energy and matter related?
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Energy moves matter.
Energy is stored in matter.
3. Restate the Law of Conservation of Matter?
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Matter cannot be created or destroyed.
4. What is the First Law of Law Thermodynamics (the Law of Conservation
of Energy)?
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed
from one form into another.
Part 2: Various Forms of Energy
Mechanical Energy: The energy of movement or position. PE/KE
Potential Energy: Stored energy that is ready to be used due to an objects position or condition.
For example, the energy stored in a spring, the stored energy of a rock on a ledge, the energy
stored in the chemical bonds of two particles, the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom, and
energy stored in a conductor of electricity.
Kinetic Energy: The energy of motion. The pattern of movement can be classified as random,
wave, linear or rotational. For example, the energy of a thrown baseball, the energy carried by
vibrating particles like sound.
Heat/Thermal Energy: The energy of moving particles that can change the temperature of
something. For example, the heat you feel when you rub your hands together. KE
Light/Radiant Energy: The energy from electromagnetic waves. For example, light waves, solar
radiation, radio waves, infrared radiation (lasers), microwaves, and x-rays. KE
Electrical Energy: This is the energy of electrons stored in or flowing through a conductor in a
controlled motion. The flow of electrons is conducted through wires made of materials whose
properties make this type of motion possible. For example, the energy transferred through electrical
wires made of copper. KE
Chemical Energy: The energy stored in molecular bonds. This is the energy found trapped between
the atoms that make up a given molecule. For example, photosynthesis - where the radiant energy
from the sun is used to combine water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) into glucose sugar (C6H12O6)
- most of the energy used is trapped within the bonds of the newly formed glucose. PE
Nuclear Energy: The energy stored in the nuclei of atoms. The energy can be released by: 1)
radioactive decay: the spontaneous decay of large nuclei to smaller ones, which releases energy in
the process; 2) fission: the purposeful breaking down of nuclei into smaller ones; 3) fusion: the
process of small nuclei fusing together to make bigger ones. PE
Part 2: Various Forms of Energy
Mechanical Energy
The total energy an object has due to position, movement, or both
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Energy that is stored and ready to be used, due to an object’s
position or condition.
Energy that is released due to an objects movement or motion
Examples:
Examples:
- Chemical
- Electrostatic
- Sound (wave)
- Nuclear
- Magnetic
- Heat/Thermal (random)
- Gravitational
- Elastic
- Electrical
- Light/Radiant (wave)
- Linear/Rotational Movement
PE and KE are related b/c potential energy can
be transformed into kinetic energy
(and vice versa).
Part 3: Energy Transformations: First Law of Thermodyn.
Device
Initial Form of Energy
chemical
Converted Form of Energy
electricity
heat
light
nuclear
Heat,
electricity
Energy Transformation Demonstrations
Energy cannot be created or destroyed. But, it can be
transformed from one form to another.
OBSERVE THE DEMONSTRATIONS:
- Diagram the apparatus
- Label the forms (and transformations) of
energy
- THE WAY THINGS GO