Download Mammary Gland

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Mammary Gland
It is fully developed in adult females
It is rudimentary:
– In female before puberty
– In males
Site: in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region.
Shape: it is conical or hemispherical.
Extent:
– upwards: 2nd rib
– downwards: 6th rib
– medially: lateral margin of the sternum
– laterally: midaxillary line (axillary tail)
Relations:
– supero-medial 2/3: rest on pectoral fascia
covering pectoralis major muscle (separated by
retro-mammary space.
– inferlateral 1/3:
rests on the
serratus
anterior
muscle &
external
oblique
muscle
The skin of the breast shows:
The nipple: a conical projection lying opposite to
the 4th intercostal space in males and in females
before pregnancy
The areola:
– area of pigmented skin surrounding the nipple
– it is pink in nulligravida but change to dark brown
in the 2nd month of pregnancy (permanent
change)
NB:
- The breast has no capsule (to allow its distension
during pregnancy).
- No subcutaneous fat beneath the nipple and
areola.
Internal structure of the breast:
the mammary gland is formed of 15-20 lobes.
each lobe drains into a lactiferous duct.
the lactiferous ducts (15-20) converge toward
the nipple & dilate to form lactiferous sinuses.
the lactiferous sinuses open separately on the
nipple.
NB: the lobes of the breast are separated by
suspensory ligaments of Cooper (these are
fibrous septa stretched between the skin &
pectoral fascia).
Axillary Tail
the supero-lateral
part of the breast
extends upwards
and laterally along
the lower border of
pectoralis major
pierces deep fascia
to reach the axilla
tail of the breast
Arterial
supply:
Mammary branches of internal thoracic artery.
Mammary branches of intercostal arteries
lateral thoracic artery (the main supply).
pectoral branch of thoraco-acromial artery.
Lymph Drainage
The lateral quadrants drain into the anterior
(pectoral) axillary lymph nodes.
The medial quadrants drain into internal
thoracic lymph nodes.
A few vessels drain into the posterior
intercostal lymph nodes.
Some vessels drain to the opposite site
lymph nodes.
Some vessels drain into the abdominal lymph
nodes.
Clavipectoral fascia
it is a well-defined membranous fascia filling the gap between
subclavius & pectoralis minor muscles.
attachment:
– superiorly: it splits to enclose subclavius, then attached to the lips of
subclavian groove.
– inferiorly: it splits to enclose pectoralis minor, then extends down as the
suspensory ligament of axilla which is attached to axillary fascia 
hollow of axilla.
– medially: is attached to 1st & 2nd costal cartilages.
– laterally: is attached to coracoid process.
N.B.:
• the upper part is thickened and is called costo-coracoid
ligament
• structures pierce clavipectoral fascia:
–
–
–
–
Cephalic vein
Lateral pectoral nerve
Thoraco-acromial artery
Lymphatic vessels
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