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1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system What do you know? 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system Essential Standards: • What is the process of bone formation? • What are the structures of the long bones? • What are the structures of the skeletal system? 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 3 Bone formation Identify the osteocytes. Osteo = bone Cyte = cell Microscopic mature bone cells 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 4 Bone formation Ossification – new minerals deposit to form bone Discuss the process of ossification? How do we know ossification occurs? Example 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 5 Bone formation Ossification – Minerals replace previously formed cartilage. Infants bones are soft and pliable because of incomplete ossification. As bones ossify, they become hard. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 6 Bone formation How do we know ossification occurs? Long bones grow in length and ossify from the center to the ends. Give examples of ossification. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 7 Bone formation 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 8 Bone formation 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 9 Types of Bones Discuss their possible function based on appearance. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 10 Types of Bones Long bones • Found in the arms and legs 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 11 Types of Bones Flat bones • Bones of the skull • Ribs 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 12 Types of Bones Irregular bones • Spinal column 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 13 Types of Bones Short bones • Wrist 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 14 Structures of long bones Identify structures of the long bones. Compare spongy bone to compact bone. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 15 Structure of the long bones Compare structures of the long bones. Discuss the importance of having both types of bone tissue. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 16 5 Functions of Skeletal System 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Supports other body structures & provides shape Protects internal organs Allows movement & anchors for muscles Provides storage for minerals (such as calcium & phosphorus) Site for hemopoiesis (bone marrow formation)— red marrow is found in long bones, sternum & ilia (hip bones) Axial Skeleton The axial skeleton is blue. Axial skeleton: skull, spine, ribs, And sternum 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 18 Axial Skeleton Skull frontal view 22 bones in skull 8 in the cranium 14 facial bones 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 19 Axial Skeleton Skull lateral view Identify the structures of the lateral view of the skull. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 20 Axial Skeleton Skull superior view 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 21 Axial Skeleton Skull lateral view 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 22 Axial Skelton Hyoid Bone What is unique about the hyoid bone? 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 23 Axial Skeleton Spinal column Vertebral Structure Foramen: spinal nerves and cord are present in this opening 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 24 Axial Skeleton Spinal column Atlas: C1 it is fused with occipital bone of the cranium (allows us to nod) Axis: C2 allows for rotation so we can turn our heads side to side Thoracic vertebrae connects with ribs Lumbar vertebrae are larger than the other vertebrae and allow for weight bearing Sacrum: 5 fused bones connects to hip bones Coccyx: tailbone; 4 fused bones 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 25 Axial Skeleton Spinal column Identify the vertebrae in this x-ray. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 26 Appendicular Skeleton 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton The appendicular skeleton is beige. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 27 Appendicular Skeleton Shoulder girdle Identify the structures of the shoulder girdle and upper extremities. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 28 Appendicular Skeleton Shoulder girdle Identify the structures of the shoulder girdle and upper extremities. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 29 Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic girdle Identify the structures of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 30 Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic girdle Identify the structures of the lower extremities. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 31 Appendicular Skeleton Pelvis Identify the structures of the pelvis. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 32 Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic girdle Identify the structures of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 33 Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic girdle Compare the male and female pelvis. Name those bones & Thriller animation (retro) 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system Copyright Pearson Education, Inc. 34 Joints: Diarthroses 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 35 Joints Diarthroses = moveable joints Four types Ball and socket Hinge Pivot Gliding 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 36 Joints Ball and socket One bone has a ball at one end The other has a concave socket Allows for the greatest range of motion Ex: shoulder 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 37 Joints: Diarthroses Example of a ball and socket joint. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 38 Joints Hinge joint Move in one direction 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 39 Joints: Diarthroses Example of a hinge joint. Define uniaxial. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 40 Joints Pivot joints Bones that rotate across each other 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 41 Joints: Diarthroses Identify the pivot joints in this x-ray. Identify other pivot joints. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 42 Joints Gliding joint Bones with flat surfaces that slide across each other Vertebrae allows bending forward, backward, and sideways & allows for 1.02 Remember the structures of rotation the skeletal system 43 Joints Example of gliding joint Give examples not pictured here 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 44 Joints Amphiarthroses Partially movable joints with cartilage between their joined surfaces Examples: 1. Ribs to spine 2. Symphysis pubis 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 45 Joints Synarthroses Immovable joints Connected by fibrous connective tissue Sutures in cranium 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 46 Bursa and Synovial Membrane Bursa Fluid-filled sac that contains the synovial membrane Lined by synovial membrane 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 47 Bursa and Synovial Membrane Synovial membrane Capsule that encloses a joint Lines the bursa Contains synovial fluid 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 48 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system Essential Standards: • What is the process of bone formation? • What are the structures of the long bones? • What are the structures of the skeletal system? 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 49 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system The End 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 50