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Welcome to Unit 4 Seminar! Components of the Integumentary System Skin and accessory organs: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Hair Nails Glands Skin layers Dermis Epidermis Subcutaneous layer Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e2 Common Skin Condition Symptoms cutaneous lesions or eruptions pruritis (itching) pain edema (swelling) erythema (redness) inflammation Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e3 A Few Common Skin Lesions macule plaque cyst pustule scale burrow papule nodule vesicle crust fissure comedo Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e4 Common Diseases of the Skin Dermatitis – inflammation of the skin Pruritus, erythema, & cutaneous lesions Acute, subacute, or chronic. Seborrheic dermatitis Contact dermatitis Atopic dermatitis (eczema) Slid e5 Common Diseases of the Skin (cont’d.) The differences between seborrheic dermatitis and contact dermatitis: ◦ seborrheic dermatitis – idiopathic condition resulting in overproduction of sebum ◦ contact dermatitis – localized redness and swelling caused by an irritant or allergen. Inherited and family history of allergic conditions Slid e6 Common Diseases of the Skin Acne vulgaris: an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles Herpes zoster (shingles): an acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of painful vesicles. Chickenpox is a precursor to shingles. Both are caused by the herpes varicellazoster virus Slid e7 Psoriasis Psoriatic Nail Dystrophy Common Diseases of the Skin Impetigo: contagious, superficial skin infection. Cause: streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus. ◦ Lesions : legs, face, trunk, and arms. Spread easily. ◦ Small vesicles surrounded by a circle of reddened skin & pruritus. Cellulitis: acute, diffuse, bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Produce enzymes that break down the skin cells. Slid e9 Dermatophytoses ( page 250-251) Fungal infection of the skin: Tinea capitis Tinea corporis (ringworm) Tinea unguium Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) Tinea cruris (jock itch) Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 10 Other Diseases of the Skin Decubitis ulcers (bed sores): localized areas of dead skin - Impaired blood supply to the area Early signs – shiny, red area over a bony prominence Other signs – blisters, erosions, necrosis, ulceration. Osteomyelitis and/or gangrene may result Slid e 11 Benign Tumors Seborrheic keratosis: benign growths originating in the epidermis. ( pasted onto the skin). Dermatofibroma: benign, asymptomatic growths that can be found anywhere on the body. Achrochordon (skin tag): common benign skin growths found mainly on the axilla, neck, and inguinal areas of the body Slid e 12 Premalignant Tumors Actinic keratosis: common pre-malignant lesions found on sun-exposed areas of the body Indications: an area of rough, vascular skin, which later forms a yellow crust. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 13 Skin Carcinomas Non-melanoma skin cancers ◦ Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) ◦ Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ◦ Destruction of nerves, lymphatics, blood vessels, bones and cartilages Malignant melanomas The ABCs of malignant melanoma P.262: A = asymmetry B = border C = color D = diameter Slid e 14 The Muscular System Copyright 2005 © by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 15 Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia: a chronic pain condition associated with stiffness and tenderness that affects muscles, tendons, and joints throughout the body. The cause is unknown. • Eighteen tender points used in diagnosis • Treatment options • Stress reduction • Physical activity • Medications Copyright 2005 © by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 16 Fibromyalgia www.mc.edu/campus/users/jbaker/mariannaspage.html The Skeletal System Copyright 2005 © by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 18 Skeletal tissue Ligaments: tough, dense, fibrous bands of connective tissue that hold bones together Tendons: strong, tough cords of dense connective tissue that usually attach muscle to bone Cartilage: semi-smooth, dense, supporting connective tissue Copyright 2005 © by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 19 Major Spinal Disorders Lordosis: an exaggerated inward curvature of the spine Kyphosis: an abnormal outward curvature of the spine Scoliosis: a lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine Slid e 20 Scoliosis www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/imagepages/19466.htm Treatment Options ◦ Lordosis : weight loss; exercises to strengthen abdomen; pelvic tilt exercises Kyphosis: exercises to strengthen muscles and ligaments; back brace to stabilize condition; spinal fusion and temporary immobilization; vertebroplasty Scoliosis: exercise to strengthen weak muscles ;back brace; fusion of the vertebrae Slid e 22 Osteomyelitis serious infection of bone that requires aggressive antibiotic treatment Caused by bacterial organisms, viruses, and fungi Characterized by inflammation, swelling, redness, pain, localized heat, and tenderness www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/imagepages/9712.htm Osteomalacia a defective mineralization of the bones, causing them to become soft, flexible, and deformed Rickets: osteomalacia in children. Affects the growing skeleton. Treatment: ◦ vitamin D supplements ◦ add vitamin D, calcium, and calcitonin to diet ◦ exposure to sunlight Slid e 24 What Disease/Condition Am I?