Download “The Great War”

“The Great War”
What were the causes and effects
of “The War to End All Wars”?
Assassination leads to War
• June 28th 1914
• Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
• France, Russia, Great Britain
• Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Alliances
• Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria,
Ottoman Empire
• Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia
Alliances
Militarism
Schlieffen Plan
• Defeat Russia Quickly and then turn efforts to
France
Battles
Battles
• Battle of Frontiers- 1914 Early German victory versus
Great Britain and France
• Battle of Tannenberg- 1914 Russians defeated by
German Army
• Battle of Marne- 1914 British and French counterattack
pushes German troops back, Germans dig trenches
• Italian Front- 1915 Italy enters war against AustriaHungary
• Battle of Verdun- 1916 Germany versus France- over
400,000 casualties
• Battle of Somme- 1916 Britain versus Germany- 60,000
British casualties on first day.
• Battle of Ypres- 1917 British versus Germany near
Belgium front lines did not change
• Gallipoli- Allies versus Ottoman Empire 200,000
casualties
• Armenian Massacre- Ottoman Empire practices
genocide against Christian Armenians
Total War
Quiz
•
•
•
•
•
•
Triple Alliance
Triple Entente
Central Powers
Allied Powers
Gavrilo Princip
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
• Why did an
assassination lead
the major European
nations into war?
• What was the impact
of new types of
warfare and new
technologies on
World War I?
Russia and World War I
What was the significance of the
Russian Revolution on World War
I and on World History?
What was Russia’s experience in
World War I?
• Bolsheviks vs. Nicholas
II
• 6 Million Soldiers
• Insufficient Factories
• Transportation Issues
• Outdated Military
• Poor Leadership
• Tremendous Costs
• Czar takes control
• Czarina Alexandra and
Grigory Rasputin
What were the main
events of the
Russian Revolution?
• March Revolution 1917Nicolas II abdicates
• Aleksandr Kerensky
leads provisional
government
• Bolshevik RevolutionNovember 1917 called
October Revolution from
the Old Russian
calendar
• Vladimir Lenin in control
– No Private Propertyland given to
peasants
– Government owned
factories given to the
workers
What were the main events that took place
after the Russian Revolution?
• Leon Trotsky signs
treaty ending Russia’s
participation in WWI
• Red Army vs White
Army/Civil War
• USSR formed in 1922,
Lenin dies in 1924
The War Ends
What led to the end of World War I
and how was peace achieved?
Why did the United
States enter the
war?
• Woodrow Wilson- “He
kept us out of war”
• Election of 1916
• Unrestricted Submarine
Warfare
• U-Boats
• Lusitania
• Zimmerman Note
What events led to the end of the
fighting?
• New German
Offensive- March
1918
• Second Battle of
the Marne
• Armistice
What issues made the
peace process difficult?
• 14 Points
• Big Four
–
–
–
–
Woodrow Wilson
Georges Clemenceau
Vittorio Orlando
David Lloyd George
• Treaty of Versailles
–
–
–
–
War Guilt Clause
Reparations
Military Limits
League of Nations
• Mandates
• Balfour Declaration
What were the costs of war?
• 9 Million soldiers
• 13 Million Citizens
• Flu epidemic- 50 Million
people
• $332 Billion estimated
costs
• Austria-Hungary and
ottoman Empire dissolved
• Russian Monarchy
overturned
• New Countries in Europe
and Middle East
• Colonies in Africa and Asia
Quiz
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bolsheviks
Grigory Rasputin
Vladimir Lenin
Woodrow Wilson
U-Boats
Zimmerman Note
14 Points
Treaty of Versailles
Balfour Declaration
• What was the
significance of the
Russian Revolution
on World War I and
on World History?
• What led to the end of
World War I and how
was peace achieved?