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Warm-up: Monday
• Answer the following in complete sentences:
• What started WWII?
World War II
Timeline of the War
• Nazi Germany (1933-1945)
–a. Adolf Hitler’s rise to power
• 1. capitalized on feelings of
humiliation and resentment of
WWI (Treaty of Versailles)
• 2. promised to build new
German Empire (Third Reich)
• 3. blamed problems on the
Weimar government,
communists, and Jews
• 4. Hitler joined the National
Social German Workers’ Party
(Nazi Party) and worked his way
up to leadership
• 1923 – tried to take control of
Bavaria, but failed; jailed one
year
–a. wrote book Mein Kampf
(My Fight/Struggle)
–b. plan for aggression against
other people and countries
–c. began blaming Jews for
Germany’s problems
• 6. 1933 – Hitler became Prime
Minister of Germany
–c. began blaming Jews for
Germany’s problems
• 6. 1933 – Hitler became Prime
Minister of Germany
–b. developed industries and the
military
• 1. massive rearmament
• 2. eliminated unemployment
• 3. built autobahn (first freeway)
• 4. stockpiled weapons (in
violation of Treaty of Versailles,
1919)
• 5. rationed food, made
Germans self-sufficient
• 6. restored pride to German
people
–c. made anti-semitism official
policy
• 1. laws deprived Jews of
citizenship and their jobs
(Nuremberg Laws)
–d. started “master race”
propaganda
• 1. gave Germans sense of
prestige, strength, importance
Major Powers of WWII
• Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan
• Allied Powers: United Kingdom, Soviet Union,
United States, France
• Italy – invades Ethiopia in 1935
to start the buildup of an African
Empire
–a. Ethiopia asks League of Nations
for help, but do not receive it
–b. Haile Selassie “It is us today. It
will be you tomorrow.”
• Germany – began military buildup
in 1935 against Treaty of Versailles
–a. nothing happened, which only
encouraged Hitler
–b. Hitler wanted to regain
territory lost after WWI
• 1. 1936 – sent troops into
Rhineland (no response)
• 2. 1938 – invaded and annexed
Austria (no response)
–c. 1938 – Hitler demanded the
Sudetenland
• 1. Germans in Czechoslovakia
wanted to be part of Germany
again
• 2. Hitler promised no more
territorial demands
–d. Munich Pact – Britain and
France adopted a policy of
“appeasement”
• 1. British Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain wanted to satisfy
Hitler’s demands in order to
avoid war
• 2. Chamberlain’s rival Winston
Churchill disagreed
Chamberlain
and Hitler
–e. 1939 – Hitler demands “Polish
Corridor” from Poland
• 1. Poland refuses; Britain and
France prepare for war after
realizing appeasement will not
work
–f. Nonaggression Pact (1939) –
Hitler and Stalin
• 1. agreement to divide Poland
between them but not attack
each other
1938
• Hitler annexed Austria to Germany
March 1939
• Hitler takes control
of parts of
Czechoslovakia
August 1939
• Germany and Soviet
Union sign Nonaggression Pact
(promised not to
attack each other)
September 1939
• Germany invades Poland
• Great Britain and France declare war on
Germany
April 1940
• Blitzkrieg attack on Denmark and Norway
• Blitzkrieg = “lightning war”, a swift and sudden
attack
May 1940
• Germany attacks Netherlands, Belgium, and
France
Battles
• Battle of Paris
• 1939- invaded the lowlands
June 1940
• France signs armistice
August 1940
• Germans attack the
British air and naval
bases – then starts
bombing cities, killing
civilians.
• The Germans wanted
to break British
morale so they would
surrender.
• How would you
respond? Keep Calm
and Carry On
Battle of Britain
• from July through September 1940, after the
fall of France.
• Video
• The last ones standing are
the British - “U.S. please
help!!”
• President Roosevelt
denounced the aggressors,
but the U.S. followed a strict
policy of isolationism =
remain neutral, do not get
involved – yet the U.S. began
to supply food, ships, planes,
and weapons to Britain.
• If you were a
teenager at the
time, what would
you think?
June 1941
• Hitler invades the Soviet Union.
Battles
• Battle of Moscow
• (Operation Barbarossa)
Battle of Stalingrad
• August, 1941
• Emerging from secret meetings conducted on
warships off of Newfoundland, Winston
Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt unveil the
Atlantic Charter. The charter outlines goals
concerning "the final destruction of Nazi
tyranny," and a pledge to support "the right of
all peoples to choose the form of government
under which they will live."
December 7, 1941
• Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Philippines, and
Dutch East Indies
• United States enters war
• http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5166/
Spring 1942
• Japan controls most of Southeast Asia
• United States wins battle at Midway = turning
point in war
February 1943
• Germans surrender at Stalingrad = turning
point
June 6, 1944
• D-Day
• Allied forces land on the beaches of Normandy
• Within 3 months, the Allies had landed 2 million
men and 500,000 vehicles.
• Allied forces then pushed inland and broke
through German defensive lines
Warm-up: Tuesday
What was the significance of the following
dates?
1. September 1939
2. December 7, 1941
3. June 6, 1944
June 6th, 1944
• American invasion called Operation Overloard
• Was supposed to happen 6/5.
• D-Day Video
August 1944
• Paris is liberated
March 1945
• Germany is invaded
April 1945
•
•
•
•
Soviets enter Berlin
Hitler and Mussolini die
Hitler commits suicide.
After the Allied occupation of southern Italy (1943), the
King ordered Mussolini to be arrested in order to sign
the armistice. Imprisoned, then liberated by the
Germans, Mussolini lived in northern Italy until his
capture and execution, on April 28, 1945, along with
his mistress, Claretta Petacci, by military forces of the
Italian Resistance. Next day, their corpses and those of
Mussolini's henchmen were hanged in the Piazzale
Loreto, Milan, on public view.
•
The corpses of Mussolini, his mistress Claretta Petacci, and his henchmen are hanged in Piazzale Loreto
in Milan on public display, April 29, 1945. They had been executed the day before some 50 miles to the
north in Mezzegra and were now offered to the people who spat on the corpses and kicked them. They
were then hanged by the feet. In medieval Italy it was the custom to hang crooks or embezzlers, by one
foot. The fact that Mussolini was hung by two feet suggests the deep level of rage and betrayal felt by
the people towards their once beloved "Duce". (credit: National Archives, USA)
May 1945
• Germany surrenders
August 1945
• U.S. drops atomic bombs on Japan
• Japan surrenders
Journal #2
• Choose 1 of the following to write about.
(minimum 5 sentences)
1. Compare and contrast the 3 totalitarian
dictators: Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini
OR
2. Describe the events and conditions in Europe
and Asia that led to WWII.
Warm-up: Wednesday
• Answer the following in complete sentences.
• What ended WWII –
1. In Europe?
2. In the Pacific?
** Then get out a sheet of paper!!
Wednesday: Video - Hiroshima
• Answer the questions in complete sentences in order to
get full credit. Take notes as you watch the video, then
develop your written response.
• What was the reasoning behind dropping the atomic
bomb?
• What were some of the immediate impacts of the bomb?
(impacts on the people, the building, society, etc)
• What were some of the long-term impacts of the bomb?
• Do you think the U.S. should have dropped the bomb?
Explain.