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The Rise of Fascism • D³=FT: D: Dissatisfaction D: Depression D: Desperation (can lead to…)= FT: Fascism and Totalitarianism Environment of Imperialism or Colonialism [--- 1914-1918 -------------1920s & 1930s -------1939 ------------------1945 --------------------1989 ->] World War One Total War Soldiers from 5 continents Women New Technology Gov. involvement: propaganda, draft. Treaty of Versailles 100% blame on Germany Reparations Lost colonies & land League of nations “National SelfDetermination” End of Austrian & Ottoman Empires Mandates in the Middle East Global Depression World War Two Caused by the Treaty of Versailles International debt from WWI helped cause it. Germany & Italy forced to extremes to solve their extreme mess. All parts of the world connected to the global economy. Japan trying to survive the Great Depression as an island country. Problems in one place impact the rest of the world. Core countries squeeze the colonies even more. Economic problems led to the rise of dictators in Italy, Germany, Japan, and U.S. Total War Again. Technology again. , but bigger and better. Women again. Colonies again. Genocide again, the Holocaust. End of the War. Start of the Atomic Age. A better peace. Start Cold War. Rising Nationalism The Cold War Two superpowers U.S. v. U.S.S.R. No direct fighting between the supers. Battle of ideologies Capitalism v. Communism Decolonization. How to be independent? The Rise of Fascism • D³=FT: D: Dissatisfaction D: Depression D: Desperation (can lead to…)= FT: Fascism and Totalitarianism Rise of Dictatorships in: Italy Problems Angry – no land from WWI Global Depression Poverty Unemployment Communism Germany Leaders, Groups Benito Mussolini Brown Shirts Lost colonies & land in Germany Reparations 100% War Guilt Limits on military Poverty & unemployment Communism Adolf Hitler NAZI Party SS, Gestapo, .. Solutions Fascist Dictatorship Anti-Communism Acts of Agression Invasion of Ethiopia, 1935 Japan Hitler Youth Fascist Dictatorship Anti-Communism Anti-Semitism Numerous: Re-militarization + Angry – no get German land in China after WWI Global Depression Tariffs kill imports and exports U.S. oil embargo Emperor Showa “Hirohito” Military Generals “Greater East Asia CoProsperity Sphere” Japanese Empire Invasion of Manchuria, 1931 What is Fascism? • Extreme Nationalism – Pride in everything traditional • History, culture, food, art, music • Total control of all aspects of society – Social = Media/Press, schools, religion, secret police, … – Economic = Owners are dominated by government wishes • Sometimes told what to produce and what prices to charge • Not state ownership • State is supreme over individual rights • The leader is the personification of the state • Glorifies war – The nation should always be at war • Large and Impressive Spectacle to Awe Audiences – Parades, rallies, flags, symbols, salutes Fascism and Totalitarianism: Definitions: • Fascism: a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, controlling all industry, commerce, etc., and promoting an aggressive nationalism and often racism. – Nazis and Fascist Governments in Germany and Italy – FASCISTS HATE COMMUNISTS!! • Totalitarianism: absolute control by the state, i.e., the leader or government of a highly centralized nation. – Stalin’s Communist Totalitarianism in the Soviet Union – COMMUNISTS HATE FASCISTS!! • Do not get confused: – Totalitarianism is a style of leadership (dictator with absolute power) but with different kinds of ideologies (like communism). – Fascism is a racist and nationalist ideology that usually has a totalitarian style of leader (a dictator like Hitler or Mussolini) German Hyperinflation Adolf Hitler Germany QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. “One People, One Empire, One Leader!!”