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Transcript
Causes and Effects of World War II
CAUSES:
Russia?
AXIS (Germany, Italy, Japan) vs. ALLIES (GB, USA)
 World War I: The Global Great Depression (Europe and US weak)
Rise of Fascism in Germany and Italy:
Hitler rebuilds German army 1933, Italy invaded Albania 1939
(Britain and France sign non-aggression pact with Greece, Turkey,
Romania and Poland)
 Defeat of Democracy in Spain: Hitler and Mussolini supported
General Francisco Franco’s “nationalists” in Spanish Civil War
1936-1939
JAPAN
 Japan invaded China 1937: League of Nations does nothing
 Rape of Nanjing 1937
Japanese bomb urban center
 400,000 Chinese used for bayonet practice, massacred
 7,000 women raped
 1/3 of all homes destroyed
Japan signs Tripartite Pact with Germany, Italy (1940)
Non-Aggression Pact with USSR (1941)
• Hitler invaded the Rhineland 1935: League of Nations does nothing
• Hitler formed alliance with Japan 1937
• Hitler annexed Austria 1938
• Munich Conference 1938: Neville Chamberlain gave Hitler the
•
Sudetenland in exchange for promise to end expansion
•
(APPEASEMENT)
• Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia 1939
• Germans signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact in August 1939
• September 1, 1939: Germany invaded Poland
• September 3, 1939: Britain and France declare war on Germany
Guernica, Pablo Picasso (1937) 349 x 776 cm
Blitzkreig
Lend Lease
Battle of Britain
Pearl Harbor
Operation Barbarossa D-Day
“Lebenstraum”
“Island Hopping”
US “Cash and Carry”
Postwar Settlements and Decisions

Yalta: February 4-11, 1945 (Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill)
Stalin agreed to enter the war against Japan and to collaborate in
establishment of the United Nations
 major war criminals would be tried in international court
How to deal with postwar geography?
All agreed to free elections in liberated countries
VE Day: May 8, 1945
Potsdam: July 16- August 2, 1945 (Truman, Stalin, Churchill)
issues: immediate Allied control of Germany, occupation of Austria,
boundaries of Poland
tensions grow between US and Russia SCHISM
 VJ Day: August 15, 1945
 Surrender ceremony:
September 2, 1945
Emperor Hirohito surrenders
unconditionally=
Division of Germany
Because of tension between Soviets
and Allies, NO peace treaty was
signed with Germany
Marshall Plan?
Only accepted by Western Europe
War Tribunals?
Nuremberg Trials
Effects:
Beginning of the Cold War
By late 1940s = divided Germany =
Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” (1946)
West = capitalist nations of Western
Europe
East = Soviet control
(including Poland)
Truman Doctrine 1947 =
CONTAINMENT
Approximately 5.7 million (78%) of
the 7.3 million Jews, in occupied
Europe, perished in the Holocaust,
compared to the non Jewish
victims of the Nazis which are
estimated between 5 to 11 million (
1.4% to 3.0%) of the 360 million
persons in German dominated
Europe
The Holocaust Revealed
Casualties
The total estimated
human loss =roughly
72 million people.
The civilian toll = 47
million, including 20
million deaths due to
war related famine
and disease.
The military toll = 25
million, including the
deaths of about 4
million prisoners of
The Allies
war in captivity.
lost approx 61
million
people, and
the Axis
powers lost 11
million.
Dark green: Allied Powers pre Pearl Harbor
Light green: Allied Powers post Pearl Harbor
Orange: Axis Powers
Post WW II
Independence
Movements and
Decolonization
NATO and the Warsaw Pact = Militarization of the Cold War
Establishment of United Nations 1946: 50 original members,
5 permanent Security Council members (China, France, GB, US, Soviet
Union) =
Post War Migrations