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Revision Causes of WW2 “The Big Picture” The steps to war, 1919-1939 In 1933 Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany. Between 1933 and 1939 he made moves which made war more likely. Versailles & Versailles & Versailles League Versailles League Rearmament Versailles League Rearmament Versailles League Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Union with Austria 1938 Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Union with Austria 1938 Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Sudetenland taken 1938 Union with Austria 1938 Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Sudetenland taken 1938 Union with Austria 1938 Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939 Sudetenland taken 1938 Union with Austria 1938 Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939 Sudetenland taken 1938 Union with Austria 1938 Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939 Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939 Sudetenland taken 1938 Union with Austria 1938 Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Invasion of Poland, September 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939 Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939 Sudetenland taken 1938 Union with Austria 1938 Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Invasion of Poland, September 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939 Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939 Sudetenland taken 1938 Union with Austria 1938 Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Invasion of Poland, September 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939 Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939 Sudetenland taken 1938 Union with Austria 1938 Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Invasion of Poland, September 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939 Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939 Sudetenland taken 1938 Union with Austria 1938 Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Invasion of Poland, September 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939 Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939 Sudetenland taken 1938 Union with Austria 1938 Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Invasion of Poland, September 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939 Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939 Sudetenland taken 1938 Union with Austria 1938 Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Rhineland Rearmament Versailles League Causes which built up over time… Long term • • • • • • Hitler’s leadership and aims The failure of the League of Nations The Treaty of Versailles The isolation of the USA British Appeasement The failure to achieve disarmament So what did Hitler want? I had 4 major foreign policy aims. To reverse the Treaty of Versailles by taking back the land Germany lost. To re-arm Germany by increasing the Germany army and building an airforce. To unite German speaking people by uniting with Austria. To achieve Lebensraum (living space) for the German people by expanding eastwards. How did the Treaty of Versailles help cause WW2? • It created bitterness in Germany. • It helped Hitler come to power because he promised the German people that he would reverse it. • It gave Hitler his foreign policy aims. How did the failure of the League of Nations help cause WW2? • It failed to keep peace. • It failed miserably in Manchuria and Abyssinia and so set an example to Hitler. • It showed that Britain and France would do almost anything to prevent war. • Hitler learnt many lessons from all this. What was Hitler’s attitude to the Treaty of Versailles? [4] • unfair – it took away land, reduced the military and blamed Germany for causing the war which led to reparations; • humiliated Germany because of French desire for revenge; • it needed to be reversed to restore pride in Germany Missing words • • • • • • • • • economic depression Manchuria weak/useless/slow Mussolini Abyssinia remilitarised the Rhineland Stresa Britain, France, Italy Hitler and Mussolini Chronology • • • • • • • • • • • • • The Treaty of Versailles 1919 Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1931 Hitler comes to power 1933 Hitler begins to re-arm Germany 1934 The remilitarisation of the Rhineland 1936 The Rome-Berlin Axis 1936 Neville Chamberlain – appeasement 1937 The Austrian Anschluss 1938 The Munich Conference Sept 1938 Hitler gains the Sudetenland Sept 1938 The invasion of Czechoslovakia March 1939 The Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939 The invasion of Poland Sept 1939 Event – Versailles treaty • Helped Hitler come to power because it gave him his foreign policy aims – he could set about reversing it which helped cause the war because it led to Appeasement. Event – Appeasement • Helped cause war because it made Hitler more confident. By letting him take various lands, he became convinced that Britain and France would not stop him. Event – Manchuria • With Abyssinia, it showed Hitler how powerless the League of Nations was. Therefore he had nothing to worry about. He could do what he wanted. Event – The Nazi-Soviet Pact • Helped cause war because the agreement sealed the fate of Poland. By making a deal with the Soviets, Hitler avoided a war on two fronts. Event – invasion of Poland • Started the war because Hitler had gone too far for Britain and France. They stood up to him finally. Appeasement - FOR • gave Britain time to re-arm • a strong Germany was a barrier to Communism • British people did not want war • Hitler’s first demands were not unreasonable. Appeasement - AGAINST • naïve – Hitler had always made his aims clear • It put war off, it did not prevent it. • It encouraged Hitler to be more aggressive. • It made Germany stronger. Anyone got any good ideas about where we should take over now? I want the pink land! Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) ‘Why?’, you ask! Czechoslovakia’s main defences 3 million German speakers Most of Czechoslovakia’s industry Why did Hitler’s demands make a war in Europe more likely? • He was not just reversing the Treaty of Versailles. • He was aggressively threatening another country. • This was new; he had become more confident. Neville Chamberlain flew over to Germany To meet Hitler Then Chamberlain met Hitler again. It looked like war! Hitler stepped up his demands and the Czechs refused to agree So Mussolini called an emergency meeting at Munich in October 1938 Hitler Chamberlain Mussolini The Czech leader was not invited Daladier (France) Neither was Stalin (leader of Russia) THE MUNICH CONFERENCE Poor old Benes had to sit outside What do you think was agreed at Munich? You can have the Sudetenland, old chap! So long as that’s it, you rascal! Cheers, Nev. I promise that Britain and Germany will never go to war!! The Munich Agreement • Hitler could take the Sudetenland • Britain and Germany would never go to war. Neville Chamberlain returned home to a hero’s welcome!! A popular song from 1938: ‘God bless you Mr Chamberlain We’re all mighty proud of you, You look so swell holding your umbrella, All the world loves a wonderful fella So carry on Mr Chamberlain, You know we’re all with you, And when we shout, ‘God Bless You Mr Chamberlain’, Our hats go off to you!’ The Invasion of Poland Step 9 On 1st September 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Hitler used Blitzkreig tactics Blitzkreig = lightning war using combined forces of air bombing, troops and tanks The Nazis invaded from the west. The Russians invaded from the east. Remember, Hitler had made a deal to split Poland with Russia. The Nazi-Soviet Pact Poland Timeline of events 1939 • • • • August – Nazi-Soviet Pact signed 1st September – Hitler invaded Poland 2nd September – British ultimatum sent 3rd September – Britain declared war Why did Hitler invade Poland? The Polish Corridor was taken away from Germany at Versailles. There were German speaking people in Poland. To get more living space (Lebensraum) I thought I could get away with it. I had before! Why did Hitler invade Poland? Reverse the Treaty of Versailles Living Space (Lebensraum) German people in Poland Appeasement Why did the Nazi-Soviet Pact make war inevitable? 1. It stopped Hitler having to fight a war on two fronts if Britain attacked in the west. 2. It allowed Hitler to take most of Poland with little effort. Neville Chamberlain • Chamberlain sent the Nazis an ultimatum (warning with a threat). • Hitler ignored it. • Chamberlain declared war on Germany. • France followed. Exam Technique Practice – What is the message of this cartoon? Mars the God of War Hitler, scared, much smaller. Hitler did not expect a big war. He has gambled too much. The message of the cartoon is… I know this because in the cartoon… My own knowledge tells me that… Explain why Germany invaded Poland in 1939? (9) You need to explain at least two reasons in detail. Try to explain three to be on the safe side. Don’t just identify the reasons, explain them! A writing frame to help There were several reasons why Hitler invaded Poland. Firstly, Hitler intended to break the Treaty of Versailles….. Another reason was… Finally, Hitler invaded Poland because…