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Reconstruction Finance Corporation • Made Loans to companies to help them with the cost of converting to war production American Industry Gets the Job Done!! • After the attack on Pearl Harbor, almost all major American industries and 200,000 companies converted to war production. Automobile Industries • Produced Trucks, jeeps, tanks Henry Ford • Created an assembly line for B-24 bombers Liberty Ships • Henry Kaiser’s shipyards built these • Were welded, making them cheaper, and easier to build • More difficult to fall apart and sink War Production Board • Set priorities and production goals • Control the distribution of raw materials & supplies Building an Army • To win the war, it was crucial to build up the Armed Forces • Selective Services and Training Act – first peacetime draft in history • GIs = Government Issued ( uniforms) Segregated troops • At the beginning of the war. • Tuskegee Airmen = an African American Unit who played an important role in the Battle of Anzio in Italy. • Full military integration by 1948 WAAC • Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (1942) • 1st Time women were allowed in the military • The army, navy, and the marines set up their own women’s organizations. Did you know? • In the Battle of Stalingrad, the city was ruined, and the Soviets suffered more casualties than the U.S. did in the entire war. Holding the line Against Japan • U.S. Navy Admiral Chester Nimitz could do little to stop the advance of Japanese into Southeast Asia. Japan attacked American airfields in the Philippines and landed their troops in the islands. Gen. Douglas MacArthur • Retreated to Bataan Peninsula with badly outnumbered troops. • FDR ordered evacuation to Australia. • Allied defenders of Bataan finally surrendered, and thousands died on the Bataan Death March to a Japanese Prison Camp B- 25 Bombers • • • • In early 1942 Could attack from farther away Bombed Japan Changed Japan’s strategy Battle of Midway • Turning point of the war • Americans shot down 38 Japanese planes and destroyed 4 Japanese Carriers • Stopped the Japanese advance in the Pacific Turning Back the German Army • Stalin urged FDR to open a second front in Europe. • FDR ordered the attack of Morocco & Algeria, French territories under German control. North Africa Nov. 1942 • Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower & Gen Patton( Casablanca) • Fighting begins between Germans & U.S. • Huge U.S. losses • May 13, 1943, German forces surrendered in North Africa German Submarines • Sinking American Ships • Convoy system • U.S. Shipyards built more ships than Germany could sink. Hitler & the Soviets • Hitler wanted to destroy the Soviet Economy • Ordered the capture of oil fields, industries, farmlands • Tried to capture Stalingrad, but the Soviets held firm • Winter --- Germans surrendered Battle of Stalingrad • Is a turning point in the war because it put the Germans on the defensive. The good news • Economic Depression ended • Women & Minorities gained ground • Rosie the Riveter , a character became a symbol of working women. • 2.5 million women enter the work force African Americans • Factories still resisted hiring • FDR = Executive Order 8802= no discrimination in the employment of workers in the defense industries or government A Nation on the Move • 15 million Americans moved West & South This created the Sunbelt $1.2 billion is allocated to build schools, public housing, and community centers to accommodate new workers Great Migration • African Americans left the South and headed to factories in the North and West Feb. 19, 1942 • FDR signed an order allowing the War Dept. to declare any part of the U.S. a military zone & remove anybody from that zone. • West Coast is declared a military zone. • Japanese Americans are evacuated to 10 Internment Camps Office of Price Management • Regulated wages & the price of farm products • Prevent strikes • Rationing • Victory Gardens Support with Patriotism • E bonds • Most Americans were united in the goal of winning the war • Built artillery, rifles, mines, helmets, pontoon bridges, cooking pots and other military supplies, producing nearly one third of the military equipment that was manufactured during the war.