Download World War II European Front

WORLD WAR II
World War II
• World War II
–Dictators ruling Europe
–Hitler in Germany
–Mussolini in Italy
–Stalin in Russia
Europe on the brink of war (AGAIN)
1933- Germany has rearmed and
rebuilt their industry
1936- Germany and Italy allied
forming Axis Power alliance
1936 Japan and Germany agree to
work together to stop spread of
Communism
• Germanys’ aggression in Europe
• Germany annexed Austria
• France and Great Britain took no
action
• Another violation of Treaty of
Versailles
–What might have happened if
they took some action against the
aggression?
World War II
• Sudetenland part of
Czechoslovakia
–Hitler believed it
was part of
Germany
• 3 million Germans lived there
Hitler threatened to invade
Sudetenland to protect German
citizens from harm.
• France and Great Britain take
action
–Is it a military confrontation?
–No
•1938 Munich Conference
September 29, 1938
Britain and France
agreed to allow Hitler and Germany
to annex the Sudetenland
Was this a good decision?
Appeasement
Policy of accepting demands of an
aggressor in an attempt to avoid
war
• Neville Chamberlain
–“Peace in our Time”
• France would not protect
Czechoslovakia
–March 1939 Invasion of
Czechoslovakia and Lithuania
–Mussolini invaded Albania
• Stage is set for war
–Britain and France prepare
•Hitler aware of the problem of a
two front war signs a
–NON AGRESSION PACT
–With Stalin and Russia
• Germany and Russia started secret
talks while Germany was
negotiating with Great Britain and
France.
–Terms of Non Aggression pact:
–Will not attack each other
– Will remain neutral if either is
attacked
• What was not announced to the
world:
Hitler and Stalin agreed to divide
parts of Eastern Europe
Germany – Western Poland
Soviets - Eastern Poland,
Baltic countries
WORLD WAR II
What advantage did Germany
gain from the Neutrality of
Russia?
WORLD WAR II
• Invasion of Poland
–Port city of Danzig
–Was under joint Polish and
German control
WORLD WAR II
• September 1, 1939 annexed city
–At same time massive attack on
Poland
•Air
•Land
•Blitzkrieg
WORLD WAR II
• Luftwaffe German Air Force
–Bombed Poland
–Land forces invaded Poland
• Luftwaffe destroyed all of Poland’s
old aircrafts
• Disrupted railroads
WORLD WAR II
• Poland fell in
three weeks
WORLD WAR II
• Britain reacts
WORLD WAR II
• Appeasement
• Munich Conference
• Czechoslovakia
• “Peace in our time”
• Neville Chamberlin
• Poland
• Blitzkrieg
• Winston Churchill
• Non-Aggression Pact
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ha0qKq
uG2E
WORLD WAR II
• German Aircraft
–Stukas Bombed Poland Airfields
WORLD WAR II
• Britain and France honored
agreement to protect Poland
• September 3, 1939 Britain and
France declare war on Germany
after Germany refused to answer
ultimatum from England
WORLD WAR II
WORLD WAR II
WAR EXPANDS
• Hitler’s invasion of Poland
introduced new warfare
• Blitzkrieg (Lightning war)
• Great speed along with Great
force
WORLD WAR II
• Poland surrendered within a
month
• Elsewhere in Europe there was
troop movement
• But little else
WORLD WAR II
• Blockades but not much fighting
• On western front
• Newspaper dubbed it “Phony
War”
• There was hope that war could be
avoided
WORLD WAR II
• Soviets then invaded Eastern
Poland
• Poland again disappeared from
map
• Soviets then attacked Finland
WORLD WAR II
• Finland fought hard but fell to the
Soviets in 1940
• Next on Germany attack list was
Norway and Denmark
• They fell to Germany in a single
day
WORLD WAR II
• Germany now had complete
access to Atlantic Ocean
• U-Boats again put British
shipping in danger
• France also was in danger of
losing merchant ships
WORLD WAR II
WORLD WAR II
• In Britain Winston Churchill
replaced Neville Chamberlain as
Prime Minister
WORLD WAR II
• He was outspoken against
appeasement
• By end of May 1940 Hitler
controlled
–Netherlands Luxembourg
–Belgium
WORLD WAR II
• Hitler is in position to surround
France
WORLD WAR II
st
•1
TURNING POINT
OF WORLD WARII
•RESCUE AT
DUNKIRK
WORLD WAR II
• British forces were in France
• German tanks drove toward the
English Channel
• British forces retreated from
French city Dunkirk
WORLD WAR II
• Germany made a mistake by not
attacking the retreating forces
• 330,000 troops retreated back to
England
• With Germany not attacking the
troops it gave England a chance to
regroup
WORLD WAR II
FALL OF FRANCE
• France stood alone after British
evacuation
• France was expecting same type
of warfare as World War I
• Hitler attack on France was
aggressive air and land
WORLD WAR II
• France had no chance in defeated
Germany
• Italy now declared war on France
and England
• June 14, 1940 Germany enters
France
WORLD WAR II
Fall of France
• France could not defend their
country
• France surrendered
• France signed a treaty with
Germany
WORLD WAR II
• Germany would occupy France
• France paid the cost of occupation
• France disarmed
• Government of France was
moved out of Paris to Vichy
WORLD WAR II
• The Vichy Government
cooperated with the Germans
• Résistance
–Charles de Gaulle
–Led the Free French Government
WORLD WAR II
• Headquarters were in London
• Inside France underground
• Groups fought called marquis
–They used acts of sabotage
–Blowing up bridges
–Wrecking trains as they crossed
WORLD WAR II
• Cutting communication lines
–Were they terrorists, patriots or
guerilla or freedom fighters?
WORLD WAR II
• They did not defeat Germans but
caused havoc
WORLD WAR II
ND
•2
TURNING POINT
OF WORLD WAR II
•BATTLE OF BRITAIN
BATTLE OF BRITAIN
• France has fallen
–Hitler began bombing England
–Hitler offered Churchill a
settlement
–He refused
–Luftwaffe bombed Britain
WORLD WAR II
• This was to soften Britain for
invasion across the English
Channel
Luftwaffe stationed airplanes in
France and Belgium
Closer to England
WORLD WAR II
• Attacked
– Military targets
– Railroads
– Industry
– Civilians
Raids became known as “Battle of
Britain”
WORLD WAR II
• Hitler believed the constant
bombardment of London and
other cities in England would
destroy Britain’s will to fight
• Britain held on
WORLD WAR II
• And the RAF began to repel
attacks
• Radar help give Britain warning
that an attack was coming
• Britain air defense inflicted
damage to the German Luftwaffe
WORLD WAR II
• The Luftwaffe seemed invincible
–The loss of air supremacy and
stopped Germany from crossing the
English Channel
WORLD WAR II
• The air war continued and Hitler
increased the blockade of England
• He thought he could “starve”
England into surrendering
• Roosevelt and Churchill met in
August 1941
WORLD WAR II
• They agreed to the Atlantic
Charter
• The United States involvement
was short of a declaration of war
on Germany
WORLD WAR II
• U.S. agreed to send supplies to
England
• U.S. supported England short of
going to war
• Hitler had suffered a setback with the
inability to defeat Britain quickly as
he had defeated all of Western
Europe
WORLD WAR II
• Hitler still had his master plan and
needed the Soviet Union for there
abundance of natural resources
and million of acres of land for
his expansion plans
Rescue at
Dunkirk
Battle of
Atlantic
WORLD WAR II
RD
•3
TURNINGPOINT
OF WORLD WARII
•ATTACK ON PEARL
HARBOR
Pearl Harbor
• Japan
–Aggressive in China and
Southeast Asia
–America
–Isolationist
Pearl Harbor
• Tension building in 1930’s
between United States and
Japan
Pearl Harbor
• Economic Unbalance in China
• Open Door Policy threaten
with Japan invasion of China
Pearl Harbor
• Japan and Nanking
• Reign of terror on China
Pearl Harbor
• 1940 Japan signed Tri-Partite
Treaty Germany, Italy and
Japan were now allied
Pearl Harbor
• Apparent that this policy
must be changed
• Granted diplomatic
recognition to Russia
• Initally America wanted to
be neutral
Pearl Harbor
• Japan and United States
negotiations failed during
summer of 1941
Pearl Harbor
• December 7, 1941
• Japan attacked United
States
• Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor
• Surprise attack on Pacific
Fleet
• Planned on delivering a
fatal blow to United States
ability to fight
Pearl Harbor
• Attack was devastating
• However it failed two major
objectives
• United States aircraft carriers
were not at Pearl Harbor
• Japanese planes failed to
destroy fuel depots behind
airport
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor
• Next day Roosevelt
declared war on Japan
• Germany then declared war
on United States
Pearl Harbor
• United States was now
involved in the conflict
World War II
• United States fighting a
three front war
• European theater
• Pacific theater
Home front
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• December 8, 1941
• United States entered World
War II
• Roosevelt Speech
• “Day that will in infamy”
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• War Powers Act
• December 18,1941
• Gave Roosevelt overall
• authority of everything in
WWII
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• 1941
–War Production Board
–Awarded Defense contracts
–Managed scarce resources
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Ended the Great Depression
• Economy doubled
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Office of Price Administration
–Froze prices and rents
–Charge of overall economy
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Preparing for all out
industrial war production
• All factories converted to
military equipment
• Automobile factories to
tanks and planes
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Soft drink company
converted from filling soda
bottles to shells with
explosives
• Pencil factory to bomb parts
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Ship yards expanded
• Labor
• Women to the rescue
• 6 million
• 60% of what men earned
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
•Worked in factories
•Took the place of
men fighting
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Rosie the Riveter
•
http://www.darksideoflight.com/totebagpics/totes/rosieriveter.JPG
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• War was popular
• Common enemies
–Japan and Germany
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Mobilization of armed forces
–1935
–1945
200,000
8,000,000
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Home Front
• Selective Service
• Recruiting offices jammed
• 5 million who volunteered
were not enough
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Two front war needed
another 10 million soldiers
• Japanese Americans joined
• African Americans joined
–Limited at first to non combat
roles
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• 1943 finally saw action
• Segregated from white
troops
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
Tuskegee Airmen
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Scientific community
• OSRD Office of Scientific
Research and Development
–radar
–Sonar
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Penicillin
• Wonder drug
• 1942 also started
Manhattan project
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Economic Conditions
–Price controls
–Wage controls
–Rationing
–Fuel
–Metals
rubber goods
Plastics
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• War bonds to raise money
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• WPD
–Organized paper drives
nationwide
–Scrap iron
Total effort for war
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Culture
• Propaganda movies
–Evils of Fascism
–Heroic War Movies
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• War Cartoons
• Bugs Bunny
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Japanese Internment
• All Japanese were bad
• Some Germans were good
• Italians same
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Americans saw the
Japanese as a threat
• Hearst Newspapers
demanded protection for
spies
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Executive order 9066
• was the instrument that allowed
military commanders to designate
areas "from which any or all persons
may be excluded." Under this order all
Japanese and Americans of Japanese
ancestry were removed from Western
coastal regions to guarded camps in
the interior. :
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• West Coast was vulnerable
• War Department Plan
–Internment camps set up
away from west coast
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
• Supreme Court
• Upheld
• Hirabayshi v United States
• Korematsu v United States
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
HOME FRONT
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HOME FRONT
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HOME FRONT
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HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
HOME FRONT
WORLD WAR II
Japanese Internment Camps
Tule Lake, CA
World War II
European Front
WORLD WAR II EUROPEAN
FRONT
• Churchill and Roosevelt
met to discuss war plans
• Europe and Hitler were
more of threat than
Japanese
WORLD WAR II EUROPEAN
FRONT
• Plan was to defeat Hitler
first and fight a defensive
war in Pacific
• Europe first
WORLD WAR II
TH
•4
TURNINGPOINT
OF WORLD WARII
•BATTLE OF THE
ATLANTIC
World War II
European Front
• BATTLE OF ATLANTIC
World War II
European Front
• Allies:
• War not going well
• Atlantic Ocean
• Industry could not replace
ships fast enough
World War II
European Front
Germany produced 6 times
as many U-Boats as were
sunk
Many United States ships
were lost off coast of United
States
World War II
European Front
• Germany was victorious in
the early years of the war
• Tide turns
World War II
European Front
• Technical advancements
• Sonar
•
http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/exhibitions/boa/defendingthelifeline.asp
World War II
European Front
• Advancements in depth
charges
World War II
European Front
• ENIGMA
• German coding machine
and code book was
captured
World War II
European Front
• Now allies knew where UBoats were and could steer
away or escort ships could
be increased
World War II
European Front
• Atlantic was now more
secured supplies could be
delivered
WORLD WAR II
• Also US was building ships at
a fast pace
Tide turned in the Atlantic in
1943 keeping supply lines
opened to Europe
WORLD WAR II
TH
•5
TURNINGPOINT
OF WORLD WAR II
•Battle of Stalingrad
WORLD WAR II
• EASTERN FRONT
• OPERATION BARBAROSSA
– Hitler ordered military plan for
invading USSR
– Included not only military conquest but
“ethnic cleansing”
– He was going to rid USSR of their
Jews and intellectuals
World War II
• Hitler postponed attack on
Russia because of an uprising
in Yugoslavia
WORLD WAR II
• Hitler planned on a quick strike
and conquest
• Hitler needed land and resources
for his Master Race
• June 22,1941 Germany invaded
USSR
WORLD WAR II
• His Blitzkrieg was slowed after
initial success
• USSR did not have good roads
and the mechanized divisions
were slowed
WORLD WAR II
• Soviets were routed early and
used scorched earth policy in their
retreat
• Moscow and Leningrad (formerly
St. Petersburg)
WORLD WAR II
• Hitler expected quick surrender
but Soviets fought to last man
• Hitler plan for early surrender
Were dashed by what?
WORLD WAR II
• Soviet winter
• German army was within miles of
Moscow
• Never was able to take over city
WORLD WAR II
• Stalingrad
–Needed to be taken by Germany
•At all costs
•Oil reserves for army and
Third Reich
WORLD WAR II
• Soviets were to defend Stalingrad
at all costs
• Another turning point of the war
• Symbol of the war for Soviets
WORLD WAR II
• Germany fought and Soviets
defended for six months
• Street fighting house to house
fighting in Stalingrad
• Germany tried to starve
Stalingrad
WORLD WAR II
• Eventually Soviets launched
counter attack and surrounded
German army
• The German army surrendered to
the Soviets
World War II
• First land defeat of the German
Army
World War II
TH
•6
TURNING POINT
OF WORLD WARII
•North African
Campaign
World War II
• North Africa
• Allied Supreme commander
• Dwight D. Eisenhower
• Great administrator and
Battle planner little
command experience
World War II
• Operation Torch
WORLD WAR II
• Campaign in North Africa
–Italy first attempted to control
North Africa
–Were not successful
–Hitler sent Rommel “Desert
Fox”
World War II
European Front
• War in North Africa
• Important to Allies
• Needed to reclaim Europe
• Attack “soft underbelly” of
German control
World War II
European Front
• Suez Canal was critical to
both Axis and Allies Held by
Axis
• Egypt and Malta were held
by Allies
World War II
European Front
German commander
Erwin Rommel
Desert Fox
World War II
European Front
World War II
European Front
• Allied Commanders
• Montgomery = Britain
World War II
European Front
• Became a war of armor
• General Montgomery Britain
• General George S Patton
World War II
• Rommel Afrikakorps
• Rommel drove to
• El Alamein and were
defeated by Allies
• Rommel retreated and
ambushed Allied troops at
Kasserine Pass
World War II
• Kasserine Pass
• Rommel was able to break
through weak allied
defenses
World War II
• Air Power 3 to 1 superiority
by Allies
• Allies outnumbered Axis
tanks
• Rommel countered inflicted
heavy losses on Allies
World War II
• Kasserine Pass
• Caused Allies to rethink
Allied command
• Appointed George Patton
World War II
European Front
World War II
• Rommel was short on
supplies but continued to
fight
• Allies broke Germans
defense
World War II
• Rommel wanted to withdraw
and regroup
• Hitler ordered him to
continue
• Rommel withdrew unable to
hold on
World War II
• Morocco
–Allies needed to control
Mediterranean Sea
–Could attack Hitler from soft
underbelly
World War II
• Invasion of Morocco
• Naval concentration
• Intense fighting Allies were
able to drive off Germans
WORLD WAR II
• Patton from the east
• Montgomery from the west
• pushed Rommel and Germans
out of North Africa
WORLD WAR II
• Allies then concentrated on
Italy in 1943
• Sicily was first
World War II
• Sicily was stepping stone for
allied attacks in Europe
• Operation Husky
amphibious attack on Sicily
• July 1943
World War II
• Surprised Italians
• A storm blew many of first
invaders off course
• Allied planes were mistaken
for German planes and shot
down
World War II
• Despite setbacks German
response was quick and
punishing
• Almost drove allies out of
Sicily
World War II
• Allies were able to defeat
Germans gained control of
Sicily
World War II
• Russia then would deploy
troops to attack Germany
• Weakening the German
army in the east
World War II
Battle of Salerno
Germany defended Salerno
Battle was going in Germany
Favor
Reinforced allied troops
World War II
• Plus Germany too thin and
stretched unable to add
reinforcements
• After severe fighting Salerno
was secured
• Next Naples
World War II
• Winter Line Campaign
• Naples was captured after
defeating German
resistance
World War II
• Allies did not enough troops to
defeat Germans
• Experienced troops were sent
to England to prepare for
invasion of France
• Battle continued with no end
until 1945
World War II
• Battle of Anzio
• Allies invaded and Germany
reinforced troops
• Anzio was a stalemate until
late 1944
World War II
• At a cost tens of thousands of
lives Anzio was finally in Allied
hands
• Cassino next
• Allies under extreme German
defense took control
World War II
• Rome was taken and
became the first major city
liberated from Germany
World War II
• All the time Battles for Italy
• bombing of Germany was
underway
• Carpet bombing of German
cities depleted Germany ability
World War II
• To wage war because of
heavy damage to industrial
cities
• Unsung heroes of WWII
• Tuskegee Airman
World War II
• African American pilots
pursuit squadron
• Highly successful protecting
U.S. bombers
th
99
th
•7
turning point of
World War II
•D-Day
WORLD WAR II
• Invasion of Europe and Liberation
of France
Operation Overlord
• Invasion of Northern France
• June 6, 1944 D-Day
• Patton used as deception at
Calais
• Germany believed that Calais
was where the Allies would
attack
• Allies attacked on June 6 1944
• Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno,
Sword all beachheads
attacked
• http://www.britannica.com/dday/art-40543
WORLD WAR II
• Omaha Beach
• Invasion of Beach head caused
many casualties
• Omaha was the largest assault
• It covered a stretch of over 6
miles
• A third of the beach was
defended by a 10 foot high
seawall and was over-looked by
cliffs that were 170 foot high in
places.
• Meet tremendous resistance
• Finally allied troops broke
through and secured beaches
• American casualties 2,400
• Allies continued assault finally on
August 25, 1944 entered Paris
WORLD WAR II
• Battle of the Bulge
• Or the ARDENNES OFFENSIVE
• December 16, 1944
• 1.5 million troops fought
• German and Allied Forces
• Winter Battle
WORLD WAR II
WORLD WAR II
WORLD WAR II
• Germans wanted to surround
Allies and force a settlement
• Largest land battle of World War
II
• The battle lasted until January
1945
WORLD WAR II
Allies rallied to defeat the Germans
Germany had expended air power
trying to eliminate air power of
Allies
They failed and the Battle of the
Bulge was a victory for Allies
WORLD WAR II
WORLD WAR II
WORLD WAR II
• Yalta Conference
–Roosevelt
–Churchill
–Stalin
• Big 3 Meet in Yalta
WORLD WAR II
WORLD WAR II
• Met to discuss post war Europe
• Reestablished Poland borders
• Some thought Roosevelt appeased
Stalin
• Roosevelt was extremely ill
World War II
• Poland
• United States and England
wanted a free Poland
• Stalin insisted on a
Communist Government
WORLD WAR II
• Poland had either invaded
Russia or Poland was used
to invade Russia
• Stalin did not want that to
happen again
WORLD WAR II
• Roosevelt and Churchill
agreed reluctantly
• Also Russia would control for a
short period of time Hungary
• Czechoslovakia Albania
•
WORLD WAR II
• Stalin promised free elections
in these countries if he had
temporary control of these
countries
WORLD WAR II
• Soviets agreed to enter war
within 3 months of end of war
in Europe
• IMPORTANT to the invasion of
Japan
• more on that later
World War II
• Germany would be divided into
4 parts with each of the allies
and France getting a portion
• United States, Great Britain,
France, and the Soviet Union
World War II
• Stalin wanted German
reparations
• Churchill and Roosevelt
refused to agree and tabled
issue for later discussion
WORLD WAR II
• The three also agreed to try
Germany of War Crimes
• Nuremburg Trials
accomplished this
• Yalta last agreement
• Russia due to the heavy
causalities in the war was
allowed to take Berlin over
Patton objections
• U. S. forces went south as
Russia took Berlin
• Hitler believed he would be
treated better if U.S. forces
were allowed to take Berlin
WORLD WAR II
• April 12, 1945
• Warm Springs Georgia after
Yalta
• Death of President Roosevelt
WORLD War II
Harry S Truman is
President
WORLD WAR II
• By end of April Germany
surrendered to Allies in Italy
• Army was weakened and could
not defend Berlin
• Stalin was allowed to take Berlin
WORLD WAR II
• As Russian troops advancing to
Berlin
• Hitler, Eva Braun and close
associates committed suicide in
his bunker
WORLD WAR II
• May 8, 1945
Germany
surrenders
WORLD WAR II
• Victory in Europe
• War was over in Europe but not
in Pacific
Holocaust
Holocaust
• Hitler invasion of Europe and
Soviet Union was part of
Master Plan
• “New World Order”
• Europe would be under Hitler’s
Holocaust
• Needed living space for Master
Race
• To have master race ethnic and
religious cleansing was
necessary
Holocaust
• Ayrian race was superior
• Russia would supply Third
Reich with food and natural
resources including oil
• Russians were inferior
Holocaust
• Hitler scapegoat was the Jewish
population
• He first tried to deport Jews out
Germany
• Not many countries accepted the
large number of immigrants
• Passed Nuremberg Laws
Holocaust
• (a) to clarify the requirements of
citizenship in the Third Reich,
• (b) to assure the purity of German
blood and German honor and
• (c) to clarify the position of Jews in the
Reich. These three laws, passed on
September 15, 1935, and the numerous
auxiliary laws which followed them are
called the Nuremberg Laws.
Holocaust
• Second isolation of Jews in
Ghettos
• Finally the Jewish problem was
to be eliminated
• Final Solution
Holocaust
• First they shot the Jews
• Not efficient
• Messy and too public
Holocaust
• 1942 Wannese Conference
–Set up concentration camps
–Germany
• Dachau
• Buchenwald
Holocaust
• Dachau
Holocaust
Holocaust
• BUCHENWALD
Holocaust
• Poland
• Auschwitz
• Treblinka
Holocaust
• As they were led into camps
• Sorted into groups
• Old, infirmed, or unable to
work were sent to “showers”
• In reality they were Gas
chambers
Holocaust
• Those not killed
–Worked forced labor
–Starved
–Lived under brutal conditions
–Disease
Holocaust
• Killed millions
• Deposed of bodies in crematory
after mass graves proved
ineffective
• Some people in Germany and
other countries tried to help
Holocaust
• There was not
enough uprisings
to stop killing
• Denmark did
help
• Raoul
Wallenberg
saved thousands
Holocaust
Holocaust
• WHITE ROSE
• Anti Nazi group of students and
was secret
Holocaust
• Ultimately 6 million people
Jews, Gypsy Slavs
• And those who did not confirm
to Nazism
Auschwitz
Belzec
Bergen-Belsen
Buchenwald
Chelmno
Dachau
Ebensee
Flossenbürg
Gurs
Gusen
Majdanek
Mauthausen
Neuengamme
Plaszow
Ravensbrück
Rivesaltes
Sachsenhausen
Stutthof
Theresienstadt
Treblinka
Trzebnia (sub-camp of Auschwitz)
Vught
Westerbork
Holocaust
• Henrich Himmler
Holocaust
• Adolph Eichman
Holocaust
• Jewish specialist
• Assigned to eliminate Jews
• Following orders
• After no gassing order he
continued to eliminate Jews
Holocaust
• Convicted and executed in 1962
• In Israel
Holocaust
Holocaust
Holocaust
Holocaust
• Warsaw Ghetto
Uprising
•
Holocaust
Holocaust
Holocaust
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Early victories for Japan
• Singapore
• Philippines
• Guam
• Midway
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Wake Island
• Hong Kong
• Malaya
• Bataan
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Bataan Death March
• 65 mile march
• prisoners were denied food
water
• Thousands died on march
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Thousands more died in the
camp
• One of the most brutal and
devastating events in war
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
st
•1
Turning point of
World War II Pacific
Front
•Doolittle Raids
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Doolittle Raids
• 16 B-25
• http://www.digitalcurriculum.com/
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Col Jimmy Doolittle
• Doolittle Raids April 18th
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Bombed three Japanese cities
• Tokyo
• Yokohamma
• Kobe
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• More of a psychological victory
• Japan seemed invincible with
early victories
• Put some doubt in Japanese
defense
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Japan feeling that they divinely
protected
• That was shattered
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Did not know where the planes
came from
• Damage was not great but
caused Japan to strengthen to
defend island
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• AXIS or Japanese Plan
• 3 step attack of Japan
• Air control of Coral Sea
• Then to occupy Midway
• Then Aleutian islands
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Wanted to lure United States
Navy into a sea battle
• Intent to destroy the entire
Pacific fleet
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Third Step
• New Caledonia
• Fiji
• And Samoa
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Isolating Australia
• 1st step Battle of Coral Sea
• 2nd step Battle of Midway
• 3rd Step never happened
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
nd
•2
Turning point of
World War II Pacific
Front
•Battle of Coral Sea
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
BATTLE OF CORAL SEA
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• May 3 and May 8
• 1st Battle in history that a naval
battle where ships did not fire
on each other
• Commandeer
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Japanese Force
• 7 transports,
• 5 five destroyers,
• 1 light aircraft carrier, Shoho,
• 2 fleet carriers Shokaku and
Zuikaku
•
•
•
•
•
•
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
United States Ships
13 destroyers,
8 cruisers,
4 light cruisers and
2 aircraft carriers,
USS Lexington and USS
Yorktown
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Air battle
• Both sides had trouble locating
ships
• United States had radar
• Unknown to Japanese
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Carrier Yorktown damaged
• Lexington damage and sunk
• Japan lost 43 aircraft and
aircraft carrier Shoho
Lexington
• Shokaku_Bombed
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Japanese losses were less
• But were not able to advance in the
Pacific
• Australia was safe
• Plan to invade Port Moresby were
dashed by Coral Sea victory
•
Turning point of
World War II Pacific
Front
•
Battle of Midway
rd
3
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Strategic victory for United
States
• Aircraft carrier had now
replaced battleship as the
backbone of Navy
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• BATTLE OF MIDWAY
• June 4-7 1942
• Japan planned to invade
Midway Island
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• United States had the
Japanese codes and knew of
the attack
• Carrier battle and air battle
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Effective dive bombers of
United States
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Three Japanese carriers were
sunk
• Akagi, Kaga, and Soryu
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Japanese submarines sunk
the Yorktown
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• United States losses
• Yorktown and Hammann sunk
• Planes: About 150 lost in action
or damaged beyond repair.
92 officers and 215 men.
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Four carriers sunk: Akagi,
Kaga, Soryu, Hiryu, with the
loss of all their planes and
many of their personnel.
Estimated 275 planes, 2400
men.
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Results of Battle of Midway
• End of the Japan’s offensive
movement by their Navy
• United States was able to built
up their Navy while Japan
could not
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Japan and her Naval
advantage was now gone
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
th
•4
Turning Point of
World War II Pacific
Front
•Battle of Gudalcanal
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Battle of Guadalcanal
• First offensive land attack of
Pacific campaign
• Began the reclamation of
captured Japanese Territories
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• August 7 1942 to February 9,
1943
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Important for shipping of
supplies
• Vicious fighting for months
• Japanese supplies were cut by
Allied bombings
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Battle was the first United
States and Allied victory on
land and was a critical victory
for planned Island Hopping
Campaign
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Island Hopping continued
• Solomon Islands, Gilbert
Islands, Marshall Islands
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Battle of Philippine Sea
• Needed to recapture Philippine
Islands
• United States devastated
Japan airfields thus limiting the
effect of air attacks
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Japan also lost a majority of
their aircraft
Another devastating defeat for
Japan and her Navy
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Led to the recapture of
Philippines and airfields to
• Launch air bombings of
Japanese mainland
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Cities in Japan were
firebombed Tokyo, Kawasaki,
• Yokohama
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
th
•5
Turning point of
World War II Pacific
Front
•Battle of Leyte Gulf
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
Battle of Leyte Gulf October to
November 1944
Considered the largest naval
battle in history
First use of Kamikaze planes by
Japanese
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Series of Naval Battles
•
•
•
•
•
•
Palawan Passage
Surigao Strait
Battle of Sibuvan Sea
Battle of Sumar
Battle of Cape Engano
Battle of Ormac Bay
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• The United States inflicted
heavy losses again on the
Imperial navy of Japan
th
•6
Turning Point of
World War II
•Battles of Iwo Jima
and Okinawa
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Okinawa and Iwo Jima
• Battle of Iwo Jima
• February 16, March 16, 1945
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Vicious fighting
• Japanese held out to last man
• Needed for its location for
bombing of Japan mainland
• Emergency landing strip for
US aircraft
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Taken by Joe Rosenthal
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Okinawa
• Last major land battle of the
war
• Needed to launch invasion of
Japan
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Operation Downfall
• Journalist and war reporter
Ernie Pyle was killed on island
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Tremendous loss of life
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
–JAPANESE
• 76,000+ soldiers killed and
27,000 civilians killed, 7,455
surrendered/captured
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• United States causalities
• 18,900+ killed,
• 38,000 wounded +
• 33,096 non combat wounded,
• 763 planes shot down
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• Last major step before
invasion of Japan
WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC FRONT
• June 20, 1945 Japanese
surrendered
• Potsdam Conference
• Finalized plan to Divide Germany
End of WORLD WAR II
World War II Pacific Front
th
•7
Turning Point of
World War II
•Decision to drop
Atomic Bomb
End of WORLD WAR II
• Manhattan Project
• Building and testing of Atomic
Bomb
End of WORLD WAR II
• Robert Oppenheimer
• Developed project in complete secrecy
• Vice-President Truman did not know of
project
End of WORLD WAR II
• Bomb was tested July 16,
1945 in New Mexico
• Test was successful
End of WORLD WAR II
• Decision to drop bomb:
• Next step in Pacific was
invasion of Japan
• Truman and military leaders
feared Japan would fight to
last man, woman and child
End of WORLD WAR II
• Soviets were to enter into war
in Pacific 3 months after
surrender of Germany
• Stalin stalled on entering war
End of WORLD WAR II
• 3 paths Truman considered
–drop the bomb over Pacific to
Japanese what they could
expect
–Invade Japan
–Drop bomb on Japan
End of WORLD WAR II
• Decided to drop Atomic bomb
on Japan
• August 6, 1945
• Fat Man and Little Boy
End of WORLD WAR II
• Enola Gay
End of WORLD WAR II
• August 6, 1945
• Hiroshima
End of WORLD WAR II
• Hiroshima 100,000 deaths
from initial explosion
• Many more died from radiation
poisoning
• 60,000 died at Nagasaki
End of WORLD WAR II
End of WORLD WAR II
End of WORLD WAR II
End of WORLD WAR II
• August 9, 1945
• Nagasaki bombed
End of WORLD WAR II
• Japan offered to surrender
August 10, 1945
• The Emperor in the first radio
broadcast told Japanese
people that Japan was
surrendering
End of WORLD WAR II
• First time ever Japanese
people actually heard their
Emperor speak
End of WORLD WAR II
• Japan surrendered on
• September 2, 1945
• Unconditional except Emperor
was allowed to stay
End of WORLD WAR II
• World War II was over