Download SOL 10 & 11 World War II

SOL 10 & 11
 Complete control over the
people!!!!!
EX) Joseph Stalin—Russia
Benito Mussolini—Italy
Adolf Hitler—Germany
Collective Farms:  Gov’t took control
of all farms
Five Year Plans:
 To Industrialize
Purges:
 Eliminate any
threats to power
 Estab. Fascist Party 1921
 King appointed him head of govt
 Black Shirts
 Nazi Party
 Mein Kampf
 Aryans = master race
 Unify all German speaking ppl
 Wanted more living space
 League of Nations’ condemned Japan &
Japan left League
Hitler’s Response:
 1933 pulled out of League
 1935 built up military
 1936 went into Rhineland
 League did nothing!
USA’s Response:
Refused to recognize Japan’s
conquests in Asia
Imposed an embargo on exports of
oil & steel to Japan
 Ethiopia asked
League for
help!!!!
 League did
NOTHING!!!!!!!!!
 King of Spain abdicated throne
 New republic w/reforms
 Spanish Nationalists (or Falange) led by Francisco
Franco
 Germany and Italy sent aid to help Franco
 France, U.S., and Great Britain send aid to counter
Franco
 Franco became dictator—but did not join RomeBerlin Axis
 1935 couldn’t sell arms/ loan $$ to
nations @ war
Austria
Sudetenland
Poland
 1938 (aga. Treaty)
 1938
 Blitzkrieg “lightening
war”
 Sep. 1, 1939
 Began WWII
 Withdrew from the League in 1933
 Hitler announced rearm his country
 1936—troops sent into Rhineland
 Germany and Italy formed treaty to prevent the spread
of communism
 Hitler wanted Anschluss-union—with Austria
 Hitler convinced Austrian chancellor to appoint Nazis
to key positions
 Austria appealed to the west—but ignored
 March 1938—Austria annexed
 Czechoslovakia—3 million Germans in
Sudetenland—Hitler demanded this region—
09/12/1939—give it to him or he would take by
force
 Neville Chamberlain—British Prime Minister—set
a meeting—accepted Hitler’s demands
 Policy of appeasement—granting concessions to
maintain peace—does not work with Hitler!!!
 Hitler not satisfied—raised demands
 Mussolini offered compromise—give Hitler
Sudetenland and Hitler promised not to take any more
territory and to settle w/negotiation
 Chamberlain thought—peace preserved; Hitler
invaded Czech. 03/15/1939
 Hitler can not be trusted
 Hitler moved into Lithuania
 Mussolini invaded Albania
 Britain and France prepared for war
 They approached Stalin—feared Hitler would make an
alliance
 Stalin negotiating with both sides
 August 1939—Nazi-Soviet Pact
 Why would these two enemies become allies?
 For Germany, there would be no war on two fronts
 For Russia, it would give them time to prepare for war,
because they knew that Germany would eventually want
to invade the U.S.S.R. to conquer all of Europe
 Non-aggression Pact
 Germany and U.S.S.R. would not attack one another
and would remain neutral if the other were attacked
 Two sides would divide Europe after the war
 Spark began in Poland
 Hitler wanted Port of Danzig in Polish Corridor (used
to belong to Germany)
 09/01/1939—Germany annexed Danzig
 Air raids over Poland
 2 days later France and Great Britain declared war on
Germany
 Blitzkrieg: German for lightning war—with air raids
 On Poland
 Panzer units—German tanks and armored trucks on
ground
 Poles surrendered within one month
 Soviets march into Poland from east—disappears from
map!!
 Soviets then attacked Finland
 April 9, 1940---invaded Denmark and Norway (w/help
from collaborators)—people willing to help their
country’s enemies
 Hitler took Scandinavia for an outlet to the Atlantic—
not get blocked in like WWI
 Hitler moved in “a little too close for comfort”
 People angry at Neville Chamberlain and
appeasement—resigned
 May 1940—Winston Churchill in
 British rescued Allies from across English Channel
(Miracle at Dunkirk)
 Italy invaded France from South
 Germans closed in on Paris from North—Hitler failed
to attack retreating troops—Axis mistake—morale
booster for Allies
 Germans trying to destroy
British Royal
Air Force (RAF)
Used Luftwaffe (German air
force)
 RAF used radar &
Hitler called
off invasion!
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 U.S. divided at beginning of war
 Isolationists
 Cash and Carry
 U.S. gave Britain 50 old warships
 Enacts a draft law—the firs during peacetime
 U.S. passed Lend-Lease Act—war materials on
credit
 Roosevelt/Churchill draft Atlantic Charter
 No territorial gain
 No boundary changes w/o consent of people
 Gave people the right to choose form of gov’t
 Equal trade rights
 Economic cooperation for benefit of citizens
 Freedom from fear
 Freedom of seas
 Abolish use of force—use system of general security
(international organization)
 By Nov. 1941—the U.S. was a non-belligerent ally
 By fall 1940-Germany held almost all of western
Europe; he now turns to Balkans
 June 1941—Germany had all Balkans except Turkey
(signed a neutrality agreement w/Hitler)
 Next target—Suez Canal—Turkey refused to let troops
through to oil fields of middle east
 Started N. African campaign
 Led by Gen. Erwin Rommel—the “Desert Fox”
 Drove British out of Libya and into Egypt
Soviets angry about Hitler’s claims in the Balkans—their
sphere of influence
Hitler told the Soviets to get their own Sphere of
Influence in Asia
June 22, 1941—Germany invaded the Soviet Union—w/o
formal declaration of war
 Soviets driven back past Moscow and Leningrad
 Used scorched-earth policy
 Pushed Stalin back to Stalingrad—used the winter to
their advantage to weaken the Germans
 Master Plan = to create a “New Order” for Europe
 Single, political, and economic system ruled from
Berlin by the Aryan race
 Hitler wanted S.U. for food and raw materials and
planned to starve the Soviets—they were inferior
to the Slavs
 (planned to eliminate inferior elements—esp.
Jews)
 Annihilation of all European Jews—Final Solution
 Holocaust = systematic destruction of almost an entire
race
 Genocide = extermination
 Placed in ghettos, then concentration camps where 6
million of 11 were killed—Anti-Semitism
 1938—ghettos and Kristalnackt or night of glass- shops
and synagogues and Jews attacked
 2000 businesses
 600 synagogues
 100 Jews killed
 35,000 arrested
 Wanted control of East Asia—started with small
islands
 1940 Joined Germany and Italy
 U.S. responded w/sanctions
 Tensions mounted when Hideki Tojo established a
militaristic gov’t
 Japan attacked while negotiating peace
w/U.S.
 Air Attack w/out warning
 Dec. 7, 1941
 “a date that will live in infamy”--FDR
 Soviets trapped Germans in Stalingrad in fall of 1942
 Hitler’s orders—to fight to the death, but surrendered
in Jan. 1943
 Allied reinforcements to El Alamein (Egypt) to help
British—pushed back to Libya and Tunisia; Americans
came in from Morocco and Algeria (forces led by Gen.
Eisenhower)
 May 1943 Axis powers in N. Africa surrendered
 Churchill called for southern invasion 1943—
Operation Torch
 Allies took Sicily-then to mainland
 Mussolini forced to resign
 People of Italy surrendered and Italy declared war on
Germany--Sept. 1943
 Carried the war closer to Japan
 Series of victories
 Began w/ Battle of Midway
 “Miracle of Midway”
 Japanese victory would have allowed Japan
to invade Hawaii
 Battles enabled Allies to begin an offensive against Japan
 Battle of Coral Sea—May 1942—Japanese suffered their
first set-back
 2 battles enabled Allies to begin an offensive against
Japan
 Soloman Islands—Allied invasion of Japanese
controlled territory
 Commander of Allied Powers in the
Pacific
 Accepted surrender from Emperor
Hirohito
 Operation Overlord
 Normandy—D-Day; June 6, 1944—largest
amphibious landing
 Battle of the Bulge
 Mussolini—captured, shot, hanged upside down
in the middle of town
 Feb. 1945—Yalta Conference
 Soviets took Berlin—Hitler found out and
committed suicide on April 30, 1945
 New German gov’t surrendered on May 8, 1945—
Victory in Europe Day!!!
 Hideki Tojo—Japanese
General
 Hirohito—Emperor of
Japan
 Attacked island of Iwo Jima—took one month
 Okinawa was next—Kamikaze missions—damaged
many allied ships
 Allies blockaded Japan and immobilized their navy—
but refused to surrender
 Feb. 1945—the Big Three met—Roosevelt,
Churchill, and Stalin—Yalta Conference
 Germany would be divided and occupied by Allied
troops
 Democratic elections should be held in free areas
of Europe
 July 1945—Potsdam Conference in Berlin—
Truman and new P.M of G.B.—planned occupation
of Germany and unconditional surrender of
Japan—Japan refused their ultimatum
 Allies had A-Bomb (Manhattan Project)
 Truman decided to drop the bomb
 August 6, 1945, the Enola Gay, a B-29 bomber
dropped the first bomb over Hiroshima
 August 9, 1945, 2nd bomb dropped over Nagasaki
 August 14, 1945, Japan unconditionally
surrendered
 Sept. 2, 1945—they officially surrendered aboard
the U.S.S. Missouri V-J Day!!!
 Most destructive in history
 22 million dead
 34 million wounded
 6 million Jews
 The big change was that this kind of destruction became
accepted practice and the killing of civilians was
acceptable!
 1935
 Took citizenship away from Jews
 Yellow Star of David
 Neutrality Acts of 1939
 Roosevelt
 Warring nations could buy in cash and
carry w/them!
 Germany, Italy, & Japan
 Lend/Lease arms to “any country
whose defense was vital to the U.S.”
 March 1941
 Britain, France, United States, Soviet
Union
 America & its allies war strategy
 USA forces targeted for Europe
 Led Allied troops D-Day
 German occupied France June 6, 1944
 Liberated western Europe from Hitler
begins here!
 President
 Ordered the use of atomic bombs on
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
 To prevent horrendous casualties &
force Japanese to surrender
 Japanese suicide bomber
 Feb. 1945
 Allies (U.S., Br, SU)
 Divide Germany into Allied occupation
zones (East & West)