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DO NOW!!! 1. 2. 3. The Allies have won WWII. What do we do next? How can we avoid making the same mistakes as WWI? What country now poses the biggest threat to the United States? WWII Aftermath/Cold War Intro Both Germany and Japan are in ruins— wartime governments destroyed Many cities are completely flattened by explosives—no schools, proper homes, or infrastructure at all The fate of Germany is left up to Winston Churchill, Harry S Truman, and Joseph Stalin – What should some of their goals be? – What are they going to do that was not done after WWI? Despite their alliance during World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union had little in common. The United States was a capitalist democracy. The American people valued freedom and individual rights. The Soviet Union was a dictatorship. Stalin and the Communist Party wielded total control over the lives of the Soviet people. These differences were apparent as the Allies made decisions about the future of postwar Europe. Postwar Goals U.S. and Britain U.S.S.R. Strong, united Germany Weak, divided Germany Independence for nations of Eastern Europe Maintain Soviet control of Eastern Europe Occupied Germany Potsdam Conference-(Germany) allied leaders meet to decide what to do with postwar Germany Germany is divided into 4 Zones – British, French, American, and Soviet all control areas of Germany – The Soviets take the poorer less industrialized area in the east – Berlin is also divided up even though it lies in the Soviet East – Soviets demand control of occupied territory and immediate reparations Occupied Japan Economy is ruined Hiroshima and Nagasaki are destroyed completely by atomic bombs The Unites States occupies Japan until 1952— MacArthur runs the country – Help rebuild Japanese economy, end militarism, and establish a democratic government – A Constitution (1947) creates voting rights for women and religious freedom – It is also able to win the support of the Japanese people—Why? Why is the United States so interested in stabilizing Japan? Do Now. Identify the Nuremberg Trials. What is the purpose of the United Nations? Why was the United Nations more successful than the league of Nations? Can the UN enforce decrees? How? The Nuremberg Trials (Nazi War Crimes Trials) Allies agree that convicted war criminals need to be punished Nuremberg was the former rallying place for Hitler and the Nazis – Why did the allies choose this location for the trials? Witnesses gave testimony of Nazi atrocities during war in front of an international court – Stories of murder and torture of millions of Jews, Gypsies, and others horrify the jury 12 Nazi leaders put to death, 7 in prisons, and 3 acquitted Many Nazi leaders escaped to various locations in South America Criminals receive a fair trial to set the proper code of conduct for international law The United Nations (October 1945) (NYC) During the war the allies often met to map out strategies—create a proposal for UN Delegates from 50 nations meet in San Francisco do create a charter – General Assembly—includes all member nations – Security Council—15 members, 5 permanent and 10 rotating United States, Soviet Union, Britain, France, and China are permanent – Can veto any action proposed by Gen Assembly Currently 192 member nations Israel Founded Jews and Arabs both lay claim to a small Mediterranean region called Palestine Many European Jews move there after WWII—Why? Britain had ruled Palestine since WWI—could not resolve territorial conflict so the issue is turned over to the UN in 1947 – UN proposes a plan do create 2 states; 1 Jewish and 1 Arabic—however it is rejected by the Arabs—Why? Britain leaves Palestine in 1948 and Jewish leaders lay claim to the area (Zionism) – United States and Soviet Union immediately recognize the new nation Arab states react violently, refusing to recognize the nation—conflict is still very intense over 60 years later