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World War II
Causes of World War II
FAILURE
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis – Axis Powers
Britain and France – Allied Powers (Later joined by the
United States, the Soviet Union and China)
Hitler Launches Blitzkrieg
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Lightning War!
German planes bombed towns, cities,
factories, civilians, then tanks and troops
followed.
Clip :42
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZRItB7WgrU&feature=related&safety_
mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Miracle of Dunkirk
Fateful decision – Hitler thought Luftwaffe would prevent
escape.
 French & British retreated from German troops
 Caught between the English Channel and certain death.
 Every vessel – military, merchant, pleasure crafts crossed
the English channel to save stranded troops.
 300,000 saved
 Greatly elevated English morale!
 Clip 1:00
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OILohJMETeQ&safety_
mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
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Germany Takes France
• France surrenders, 1940
• The French Resistance
A Frenchman weeps as German troops
march into Paris
Battle of Britain
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Luftwaffe – German Air Force
Bombed everything - could not
defeat Britain
RAF – Royal Air Force
Churchill – Prime Minister –
Never surrender
North Africa/Rommel
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German General known as the “desert fox”
Controlled N. Africa
The British and allies needed the Suez
Canal. Lifeline to India
Clip 3:22
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bxn5EQwJIk&featur
e=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Operation Barbarossa
Conquest of Soviet Union
“Living space” for his “superior race” and have resources for
future generations
Russians would not surrender – burned towns, factories and
crops before Germans could use it
Then eventually, like Napoleon defeat, Russian winter set in.
Clip 2:19
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LGBHNNqrQ&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Siege of Leningrad
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2 ½ year siege! Civilians were starving
(ate paper and leather from shoes)
Over 1 million civilians dead
Stalin begged for 2nd front.
U.S. Involvement
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Neutrality – not getting involved policy
Lend Lease – sell or lend war materials –
when vital to eventual U.S. defense
Atlantic Charter – Aug. 1941 – goals for
destroying Nazi tyranny. Roosevelt and
Churchill met secretly on warship in
Atlantic.
December 7, 1941
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Pearl Harbor
General Hideki/Emperor Hirohito – Japanese militarists
looked toward war for Japan’s future.
U.S. was interfering with plans as we had interests there
also – stopped the trade for war materials to Japan.
Japan wanted Chinese lands for raw materials & living
space.
Pearl Harbor was attacked – 2,400 dead.
Clip 8:46
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt13c3olXkU&feature=related&safety_mode
=true&persist_safety_mode=1
TURNING POINTS
Invasion of Normandy –
1944 – “D-Day”
Battle of Stalingrad
Battle of El Alamein - 1942
Battle of the Bulge - 1944
El Alamein
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Egypt – turning point in African campaign.
General Montgomery of Great Britain
finally stops General Rommel’s German
advance.
Now, allies were able to invade Italy.
Clip 3:00
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_vg5
07nAPI&safety_mode=true&persist_safety
_mode=1
Invasion of Italy
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From North Africa – Invasion of mainland Europe
through Italy.
Yet another front for Germany!!
Italians fed up – overthrow Mussolini!
Stalingrad
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Read pg 803 text
Hitler wanted Stalin’s namesake city (almost obsessed
with it)
German troops surround Stalingrad then, Russian troops
surround them!
Street by street, house to house fighting.
For first time, Russians now go from defense to offense.
Clip 3:35
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLpCJ9sK5Jk&safety_mode=true&persist
_safety_mode=1
D-Day
D-Day
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Finally a 2nd front in Western Europe
General Dwight Eisenhower – Allied Supreme
Commander
Allied Bombers constant bombing of coast
and then on to Germany
Across English Channel to France (Normandy)
Clip Saving Private Ryan 10:00
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZgKo46X8CI&feature=related&safety
_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Battle of the Bulge
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Belgium
Massive German counter attack. Final effort in
Europe.
Allies suffered severe losses but did not let
Germans break through!
Clip 3:30
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a8fqGpHgs
k&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
V-E Day
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Allies pounded Germany non-stop.
Hamburg and Dresden Germany almost
wiped off the map.
Eventually to the capital Berlin
Russians from the East, Allies from the
West – shook hands.
Hitler commits suicide.
Fighting in Pacific
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Japanese still had army of 2 million men.
Kamikaze pilots
Battle of Midway – turning point in Pacific War.
General Douglas MacArthur – in charge of
Pacific War
Iwo Jima
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Trying to take one island at a time until troops
were able to attack mainland Japan
Iwo Jima – continuous bombing – but soldiers
were hunkered down in underground tunnels.
Flag raising!
Clip :17
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHe9gCgQsos&feature=related&safety_
mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
1:38
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Ym1rmWr3s&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
The Atomic Bomb
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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Reasons for:
Save American lives
End War
Show Soviet Union our power
Against:
Destruction
100,000 instantly killed
Any peaceful means necessary
Clip 9:31
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rHrV2QhArA&safety_mode=true&persi
st_safety_mode=1
Teheran Conference
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1943
Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt in Teheran, Iran
Planning & strategy for war against Germany
Yalta Conference
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1945
Same leaders
Agenda for war on Germany
Potsdam Conference
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Aug. 1945
Stalin, Clement Atlee, Truman
Post war order and peace treaty issues.
Nuremberg Trials
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Trials for crimes against humanity
Some Nazi officers – death sentences, some jail.
How had the horrors of the Holocaust happened?
How could ordinary people collaborate with Hitler in
his “Final Solution?”
“Following orders.”
How could this be prevented from happening again?
Clip 2:00
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAo9LM0xfrU&feature=related&safety_mode=tru
e&persist_safety_mode=1
United Nations formed
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Organization founded to try to keep the peace
and deal with events/situations of global
importance.
The Holocaust
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Kristallnacht – Night of broken glass
1st night of attacks on Jewish businesses
The “Final Solution”
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Hitler’s answer for the Aryan race
Exterminate Jews for the future of Germany
Genocide – killing off people because of their
race or religion.
Death camps – gas chambers, mass
executions, work/death camps
6,000,000
Clip 10:00
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaCdKwFcHnw&safety_mode=true&p
ersist_safety_mode=1
The Cold War
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Immediately following WWII
A war of propaganda
A war of words, philosophies, a build up of
power/arms
Capitalism vs. Communism
Lasted 40 years
An “Iron Curtain” – slogan used to
describe countries of communist USSR
Truman Doctrine
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Limit Communism
Stop Soviet expansion
Korean War
Vietnam War
Stop the domino effect
Clip 1:11
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xamjeyxT1iA&safety_mode=true
&persist_safety_mode=1
Communist map timeline clip :22
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldnwN8UsWdc&featu
re=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
The Marshall Plan
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Aid (Food, Money) for rebuilding Europe
Effort to prevent those countries from turning to
communism
Clip 6:40
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUt7Lr3lubc&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_saf
ety_mode=1
Video – From World War To Cold War 10:00
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpYCplyBknI&feature=r
elated&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Berlin Airlift
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Berlin was divided
East – Communist
West – Democratic/Capitalist
West Berlin – inside Soviet controlled E.
Germany
Stalin blocked food and supplies.
For almost a year, the “west” flew in supplies
and food
Cuban Missile Crisis
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Soviet Union wanted to keep nuclear
weapons in Cuba – 90 miles off US coast.
Almost led to disaster.
Clip 10:00
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2ZyeG4tdOQ&safety_mode=tru
e&persist_safety_mode=1
NATO and the Warsaw Pact
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New Alliances
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
US, Canada and 9 Western European
Countries
Warsaw Pact – USSR (Russia and satellite
countries. Eastern Europe