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World War II Chapter 32 I. Hitler’s Lightening War • Nonaggression Pact – Secret treaty signed between Hitler and Stalin • Agreed that they would divide Poland • September 1, 1939 – Germany invaded Poland starting World War II Signing of the Nonaggression Pact Nazi Rally Two Sides • Allied Powers – Great Britain, France, United States, and Soviet Union • Axis Powers – Germany, Italy, and Japan A. Lightening War • September 3, 1939 – To Hitler’s surprise France and Britain declare war • Blitzkrieg – “Lightening War” Surprise attacks with fast-moving airplanes followed by massive attacks with infantry forces B. Phony War • September 17, 1939 – Stalin invades Poland and helps the Germans to a quick victory • Sitzkrieg – Phony war in which the Allies waited for Germany to attack • 1940 – Phony war ends when Hitler invades Norway C. Fall of France • Similar to WWI the Germans invaded France through Belgium • Maginot Line – Defensive barrier along French and German border • Germans were able to avoid invading alone the Maginot Line Maginot Line • June 14, 1940 – The fall of Paris • June 22, 1940 – French leaders officially surrender to Germany • Charles de Gaulle – French general who set up a government in exile in London D. Battle of Britain • When France surrendered only Great Britain stood against the Nazis • Winston Churchill – British Prime Minister who vowed never to surrender • Battle of Britain – Series of battles between German and British air forces, fought over Britain in 19401941 • Luftwaffe – German air force • Royal Air Force (RAF) – British air force The Blitz • Operation Sea Lion – Hitler’s plan to invade Great Britain • Two Reasons it Failed: – Radar – Electronic tracking system developed by the British – Enigma – Machine used by the British to decode German messages E. Axis Forces Invade Africa • British resistance caused Hitler to change his strategy • Mussolini and Hitler invaded North Africa • Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox) – Helped the Axis forces defeat the British forces in North Africa in 1942 Nazi Belt Buckle: “God is with us” F. Hitler Invades the Soviet Union • Operation Barbarossa – Hitler invaded the U.S.S.R. on June 22, 1941 • Soviet Union was not prepared for war • Germany won many quick battles • Russians began to once again use the scorched-earth strategy • Battle of Leningrad – Nearly 1 million people die from 1941-1942 but the city refused to fall • Instead of surrendering, the Russian winter set in • Hitler gains nothing from invasion