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Computer Science & Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno CS382 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Lecture 1: The Foundations of AI and Intelligent Agents 24 January 2012 Instructor: Kostas Bekris 382 What is AI? Humanly vs. Rationally Thinking “The automation of activities that “The study of mental faculties we associate with human thinking, through the use of computational activities such as decision-making, models.” problem solving, learning” (Winston, 1992) (Bellman, 1978) vs. “AI is concerned with rational “The art of creating machines that action... and studies the design of perform functions that require rational agents. A rational agent intelligence when performed by acts so as to achieve the best people” expected outcome” (Kurzweil, 1990) (S.R. & P.N., 1995) Acting 382 What is AI? Humanly vs. Rationally Thinking “The automation of activities that “The study of mental faculties we associate with human thinking, through the use of computational activities such as decision-making, models.” problem solving, learning” (Winston, 1992) (Bellman, 1978) vs. “AI is concerned with rational “The art of creating machines that action... and studies the design of perform functions that require rational agents. A rational agent intelligence when performed by acts so as to achieve the best people” expected outcome” (Kurzweil, 1990) (S.R. & P.N., 1995) Acting 382 Acting Humanly 382 What is AI? Humanly vs. Rationally Thinking “The automation of activities that “The study of mental faculties we associate with human thinking, through the use of computational activities such as decision-making, models.” problem solving, learning” (Winston, 1992) (Bellman, 1978) vs. “AI is concerned with rational “The art of creating machines that action... and studies the design of perform functions that require rational agents. A rational agent intelligence when performed by acts so as to achieve the best people” expected outcome” (Kurzweil, 1990) (S.R. & P.N., 1995) Acting 382 Thinking Humanly 382 What is AI? Humanly vs. Rationally Thinking “The automation of activities that “The study of mental faculties we associate with human thinking, through the use of computational activities such as decision-making, models.” problem solving, learning” (Winston, 1992) (Bellman, 1978) vs. “AI is concerned with rational “The art of creating machines that action... and studies the design of perform functions that require rational agents. A rational agent intelligence when performed by acts so as to achieve the best people” expected outcome” (Kurzweil, 1990) (S.R. & P.N., 1995) Acting 382 Thinking Rationally 382 What is AI? Humanly vs. Rationally Thinking “The automation of activities that “The study of mental faculties we associate with human thinking, through the use of computational activities such as decision-making, models.” problem solving, learning” (Winston, 1992) (Bellman, 1978) vs. “AI is concerned with rational “The art of creating machines that action... and studies the design of perform functions that require rational agents. A rational agent intelligence when performed by acts so as to achieve the best people” expected outcome” (Kurzweil, 1990) (S.R. & P.N., 1995) Acting 382 Acting Rationally 382 382 Where are we now? 382 Intelligent Agents 382 Environments and their properties 382 Environments and their properties 382 How do agents work? 382 Reflex Agents 382 Model-based Reflex Agents 382 Goal-based Agents 382 Utility-based Agents 382 Learning Agents 382 Structure of the Course Part 1. Decision-Making in Deterministic Environments • Single-agent: Dynamic programming and search, informed search and heuristics, randomized search, constraint satisfaction • Multi-agent: Adversarial search (mini-max and expecti-mini-max) Part 2. Decision-Making in Stochastic Environments • Single-agent: Bayesian networks, Hidden Markov Models, Kalman and Particle filters, Decision and Utility theory, (Partially Observable) Markov Decision Processes • Multi-agent: Introduction to Game Theory Part 3. Introduction to Robotics, Vision and Bio-Inspired AI • Search in continuous spaces, behaviors, image processing and understanding, genetic algorithms and neural networks 382 What are my personal interests? Physicall yGrounde d Agents Robotics Computer Games Human Assistants Agents that must and do appropriately model and reason about the physical properties of their environment: • algorithmic generation of motion (motion planning) • state estimation problems given noisy sensors • and distributed message-passing coordination
