Download Rock and Mineral Study Guide

Name
Block
ROCKS & MINERALS Study Guide
Use your notes and book
1. A rock is a (an) __________________ of minerals.
2. What are the three types of rocks? 3 pts spell correctly
3. Igneous means ________________ _______ ___________________.
4. They form by the _____________ and _________________ of magma or lava.
5. Name the igneous rocks that make up the continents and ocean floor.
o continentso ocean floor-6. Igneous makes up _________% of the earth's crust
7. Sediments are______________ materials.
8. Sediments may be carried by are carried by ______, _______ or _______.
9. What is the most common type on the uppermost part of the Earth's crust?
10. Name three common sed rx.
1.
2.
3.
11. Metamorphic means __________ ______ __________.
12. What are the two types of meta rx.
13. Name the 5 characteristics of minerals.
1.
3.
2.
4.
5.
14. Minerals are identified using their _____________ ________________.
15. Name 8 properties that may be used to ID minerals.
1.
5.
2.
6.
3.
7.
4.
8.
16. What causes crystal form?
1
Name
Block
17. Why don’t most minerals exhibit crystal form? (In book p 106)
18. Two or more minerals that have the same chemical composition but different
crystal structures are called _________________.
19. What is the chemical formula for calcite? ____________________
20. Magmas are classified by the amount of _____________they contain.
21. They range from ____________ to ___________.
22. Write the percentage of silica in each type of magma.
Basaltic
Andesitic
_____%
______%
Granitic
______%
23. The ocean floor is __________ and the continents are mainly __________.
24. Mafic rocks are high in _______and _______________.
25. What are common colors of mafic rocks?
26. Felsic rx are high in _____________________________
27. Name some common felsic colors.
28. Extrusive rocks have a (an) ____________ texture.
29. Intrusive rocks have a (an) ____________ texture.
30. Fill out this chart with the correct rock names.
Where
Felsic
Intermediate
formed
Intrusive
Extrusive
31. What is the most common rock at Earth's surface?
32. What breaks down rocks?
33. Name the two types of weathering:
1.
2.
2
Mafic
Texture
Name
Name
Block
34. Name three forms of mechanical weathering.
1.
3.
2.
35. Which type of weathering alters the chemical formula of the rock?
__________________
36. Define these words. (Look at your sed rocks notes.)
Erosion--
Fluvial--
Deposition—
Aeolian--
37. The larger the sediment the _____________ it is to move.
38. What three things can move sediments?
39. When deposited sediment accumulates, it begins to transform into
____________________ rock.
40. Transformation occurs in two ways:____________and______________
41. ________, ___________and __________ are the most common cements.
42. Fossils are often found in __________________ rock.
43. Clastic sedimentary rocks are classified by ____________________
44. Name some common sedimentary rocks. (2-3)
45. Which type has rounded sediments?
46. Which type has angular sediments?
47. Which has sand-sized particles?
48. What are the two types of chemical sediments?
49. What is limestone made of? (the same thing as calcite)
50. Why does limestone fizz? (Formula and what is released in the bubbles)
51. Name two common evaporites.
1.
2.
52. Where can we find evaporites in Kansas? (common Knowledge)
3
Name
Block
53. What kind of rocks can be metamorphosed?
54. Metamorphism means _____________ _____ ___________.
55. Limestone becomes _______________.
56. Shale is changed to ________________.
57. Name the two groups of Meta Rx.
1.
2.
58. When a rock is exposed to an increase in temp and pressure minerals realign
themselves __________________to the direction of force.
59. This leads to a _____________ texture
60. Fill in the blanks with meta rx with increasing grades of metamorphism.
_________
__________
__________
____________
61. Why does slate make a good pool table?
62. How can you identify a gneiss?
63. Why are schists shiny?
64. How do you tell the difference between marble and quartzite?
65. What could you say about an area like Winfield that is on a limestone formation?
66. How hard is quartz?
67. How hard is a fingernail?
68. How would you tell the difference between hematite and limonite?
69. What mineral has a soapy feel?
70. Which mineral is very magnetic?
71. What mineral from your tray had rhombehedral cleavage and fizzed when dilute
HCl was dropped on it?
4
Name
Block
Matching
a. elements uncombined with other
elements
b. compounds that have Cl or F,
with Na, Ca or K
c. contain oxygen and an element
other than Si
d. contain a sulfate group (SO4)
e. contain a Carbonate group (CO3)
f. contain one or more elements
combined with S
_____ 1. Sulfate
_____ 2 Sulfide
_____ 3. Oxide
_____ 4. Native Element
_____ 5. Carbonate
_____ 6. Halide
72. What did you build in the Marshmallow Lab?
73. Name three silicate arrangements.
1.
2.
3.
________74. Which mineral can be scratched with a fingernail?
a. diamond
b. quartz
c. topaz
d. talc
________75. All minerals in the Earth’s crust
a. have a crystalline structure
b. are classified as ring silicates
c. are classified as pyroxenes or amphiboles
d. have no silicon in the tetrahedral structure
________76. What kind of metamorphism results is a foliated texture?
a. contact
b. counterpoint
c. regional (or Barrovian)
Hints:
SPELL CORRECTLY
Read the questions carefully.
Write complete answers.
Use your notes to fill out the study
guide.
Study for the test.
5
Name
Block
Label this drawing of the rock cycle.
Word Bank for Rock Cycle
Igneous rock
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Sediment
Cooling and crystallization
Cementation and compaction
Weathering, Erosion and
Deposition WED
Magma
Heat and pressure
▲ and P
Melting
Remember, to write out weathering, erosion, and deposition;
and heat and pressure at least once each.
Be sure to spell correctly, you have a word bank.
6