Download History 2311 Western Civilization to 1715 day three slides

History 2311 Western Civilization
to 1715 Slide Set 2
Central Texas College
Fort Knox, Kentucky
Bruce A. McKain
Greek Society
Bronze Age The Mycenaeans
• Credited with the
development of Bronze.
• Forerunner of what we
would know as Greek
Society.
The Bronze Age Implements
Greek Democracy
• Representative form of
government started
with ancient Athens.
• The idea of a Republic
was first discussed and
practiced in Ancient
Greece.
Iliad and Odyssey
• Stories by the Greek
Poet Homer, who was a
slave and illiterate.
• Iliad – Story of Trojan
War.
• Odyssey – Story of the
voyage of Odysseus.
Homer
The Polis
Athens
• The Greek work for the CityState, the primary
governmental system of the
ancient Greek world.
Sparta
The Greek Gods
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Zeus
Supreme deity of the
Greeks, At first was a stormgod and wielded a
thunderbolt.
The All-Father who
populated the heavens and
earth with his promiscuous
liaisons.
Grand Dispenser of Justice.
Jupiter and Jove were his
Latin names.
# 4 of the Ancient Wonders
The Greek Gods cont.
• Ares - God of War.
• Son of Zeus and Hera.
• Delighted in slaughter
and looting, but also a
coward.
• Had an adulterous affair
with Aphrodite.
• Latin name Mars.
The Greek Gods cont.
• Aphrodite –Goddess of
Love and Beauty.
• Born either of sea foam
or was a daughter of
Zeus.
• Hephaestus was her
husband.
• Ares was her lover.
• Eros was her son.
• Latin name Venus.
Greek Gods cont.
• Apollo – God of Light
and Truth, of
Intelligence, of Healing,
and of the arts.
• Son of Zeus.
• Also called Phoebus
Apollo.
• Latin name also Apollo.
Greek Gods cont.
• Artemis – Goddess of
Chastity, the virgin
huntress.
• Twin sister of Apollo,
daughter of Zeus.
• Presided over
childbirth, associated
with the moon.
• Latin name Diana.
Greek Gods cont.
• Athena – Virgin Goddess
of Wisdom.
• Sprang fully armed from
the head of Zeus, after he
swallowed the Titaness
Metis.
• Goddess of the arts, and
guardian of Athens.
• Also known as Pallas
Athens
• Latin name Minerva
Greek Gods cont.
• Demeter – Goddess of
vegetation and fertility.
• Zeus’s full sister.
• Had various lovers
including Zeus their
daughter Persephone,
who was taken by Hades.
Her grief caused the earth
to grow barren, return of
her daughter for six
months of the year allows
earth to become fruitful.
• Latin name Ceres.
Greek Gods cont.
• Eros – God of Erotic
Attraction
• Son of Aphrodite.
• Latin name Cupid.
Greek Gods cont.
• Hades – Lord of the
Underworld.
• Brother of Zeus.
• Latin names Dis and
Pluto.
Greek Gods cont.
• Poseidon – Lord of the
Seas and God of Horses.
• Brother of Zeus.
• Latin name Neptune.
Greek Gods cont.
• Pan – God of the flocks.
• Son of Hermes.
• Played the pipes and
pursued various
nymphs, all of whom
rejected him for his
ugliness.
• Latin name Sylvanus
and Faunus.
The Greeks (cont.)
• Modern Identification with Greek Society
– Art
– Politics
– Sense of History
– Curiosity
– Education
The Greeks (cont.)
• Modern Identification with Greek Society
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–
–
–
Politics
Sense of History
Curiosity
Education
Persian Invasions
• Marathon (490 B.C.)
• Salamis (480 B.C.)
• Greek Rivalry
– Peloponnesian Wars 460-445, 431-404 B.C.
– Invasion of Sicily
– Colonization of the Mediterranean
Marathon
Persian Wars
Plains of Marathon
Marathon
Initial Situation
Greek Victory
Salamis
Movement to Salamis
3rd Persian Invasion
Salamis
The Battle
Greeks Victorious
Peloponnesian Wars
Athens
Sparta
Peloponnesian Wars
Philip of Macedon
• Father of Alexander the
Great.
• Trained his son for a
military life from an
early age.
• Fought the Persians and
started toward a united
Greece.
• Died through betrayal.
Alexander the Great
• Spread Greek social
order around the
known world.
• Married a number of
times to cement
alliances.
• Died of fever/ alcohol
poisoning/ poison?
• Returned to Macedon
for burial.
Alexander’s Successors
Alexander
Seleucids – Syria and
Mesopotamia
Alexander’s Successors
Ptolemis - Egypt
Antigonids – Macedon and Asia
Minor- later split into two kingdoms.
The Romans
• The Republic - Expansion 264-133 B.C.
– Advantages of Italy
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large fertile plains
mountain ranges do not impede communication
protected on three sides by water
protected to the north by Alps
• Greek colonies firmly established in the south by 600
B.C.
Etruscans
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Controlled area north of Latium by 700 B.C.
Seized Rome by shortly after 600 B.C.
City of Rome founded by Romulus
Etruscan Society
– Farmers, Miners,Metalworkers, walled
cities,believed in an afterlife.
– Women enjoyed relatively high status
Romulus and Remus
Latin Overthrow of the Etruscans
• Setup of the Roman Republic
– Patricians - land owners perhaps 10% of the
population, held full citizenship
– Plebeians - trade, laborers, small farmers, &
debtors about 75% of the population, no right to
hold office
– Slaves
Romans Continued
• Terms
– imperium
– dictator
– SPQR
– Centuriate Assembly
– Praetor
– Tribunes
Romans Continued
• By 3rd century B.C. Rome controlled all of Italy
• Conflicts with Carthage (Punic Wars) 264241,218-202, &149-146 B.C.
– Results
• Destruction of Carthage
• Expansion eastward to control Macedon, Greece,
Egypt, and most of Asia Minor by 133 B.C.
Punic Wars
Hannibal
Hannibal’s Route of Invasion
Punic Wars
Battle of Cannae 215 B.C.
Battle of Zama
The Empire
• Julius Caesar gain control in 45 B.C.,
assassinated in 44 B.C.
• Octavian Augustus becomes first Roman
Emperor (27 B.C. - 14 A.D.)
• Pax Romana - two centuries of peace and
prosperity
• After 180 A.D. civil war weakens the empire
The Empire
Julius Caesar
Octavian Augustus
Added to the mix
Mark Antony
Cleopatra
Judaism and Christianity
The Hebrews
Roman rule of the Jews
Christianity as a Jewish movement
Separation initiated by Paul - Spread belief
throughout the empire
• Romans persecuted Christians
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•
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– Roman Circus
– Underground movement
Judaism and Christianity
The Hebrews
Roman rule of the Jews
Christianity as a Jewish movement
Separation initiated by Paul - Spread belief
throughout the empire
• Romans persecuted Christians
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– Roman Circus
– Underground movement
Saint Paul
Saint Peter
• First Bishop of Rome.
• First Pope.
• Martyred in Rome for
his faith.
The Great Persecutor - Nero
Coliseum
Coliseum
Christianity Continued
• Nero - the great persecutor
• Persecution ended by Constantine in A.D. 312
• Made official religion of Rome in 380 A.D. by
Theodosius
• Bishop of Rome = Pope in west
• Emperor of Constantinople leader of church in
east
• Augustine of Hippo
First Christian Emperors
Constantine
Theodosius
The Early Middle Ages
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500-1000 A.D.
Medieval
Breakdown of Roman Civilization
Franks and Charlemagne
The Northmen
Feudal Europe
Civilization of the Early Middle Ages
Breakdown of Roman Civilization
• The Germans
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Goths
Visigoths
Vandals
Ostrogoths
Anglo-Saxons
• The Huns
• Barbarian Invasions
• Terms
– autarkic : self sufficient
– vernaculars: local
languages derived from
Latin
– barbarian : someone
from outside Rome
The Franks
• Pepin
• Clovis founder of
Frankish Power
– c. 496 converted to
orthodox Catholic
– split kingdom among
heirs
– by 7th century diluted
power.
– hereditary offices
– Pepin III (the short) King
of Franks r. 751-768 A.D.
– Supported the Pope and
gave Vatican City to Pope
after taking it from
Lombards
Frankish Kings
Pepin III
Charlemagne
Charlemagne 742-814
• Completed destruction
of Lombards
• r. 768-814
• provinces were called
“marks” or “marches”
• Crowned Emperor of
Rome Christmas day
800 A.D. by Pope Leo III
• Also known as Charles
the Great
• Territory included 300
counties
The Northmen
“Vikings”
Scandinavia
Sea going vessels
Raided up Thames,
Seine and Loire
• Booty
• Polygamy
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• Normandy granted as
permanent settlement
to Rolf (Rollo) c. 860 c.931 byFrankish King.
• Duke William conquers
England in 1066.
Vikings
Viking Ships