Download (donors) - JICA/Japanese Embassy, Mr. Kosuke Takeda

Tackles Climate Change
JAPAN
Embassy of Japan in Thailand
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Kyoto Protocol is an Epoch-Making
First Step in Reducing Emissions
2008-2012
Overview of Kyoto Protocol
Adopted at Conference of the Parties (COP3)
Established obligations for developed countries to achieve numerical
greenhouse gas reduction targets during the period 2008-2012 comparing to 1990 levels (Japan
and Canada: 6%, United States: 7%, EU:8%, etc.)
Introduced the Kyoto Mechanism as a complementary measure to help them achieve the
emissions reductions commitments.
Breakdown of CO2 Emissions per Country
(2005)
Others
22.3%
EU
14.7%
Countries
that have
Developing ratified
Russia
5.7%
Japan
countries
Canada
Iran
30%
4.5%
2.0%
1.5%
Australia
Country
Korea India
that have
1.4%
49%
1.7% 4.2%
Other
reduction
not ratified
obligated
21%
countries
US
China
1.6%
Source: IEA
21.4%
18.8%
Issues Remaining
for Kyoto Protocol
The total amount of
emissions from ratifiers
that are obligated to
reduce is still about 30%
of the world.
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Halving Global Emissions by 2050
Global
CO2
emissions
Future estimation
（Business as usual）
＜Medium-term strategy＞
Post-Kyoto Framework
・Peak out global GHG emissions within the
next 10-20 years
International Environment
Cooperation
＜Long-term strategy
＞
Innovation
・Develop innovative technologies
・Shift to low carbon society
“Cool Earth 50”
Halving global
emissions by 2050
• Accelerate improvement of global
energy efficiency
・Cool Earth Partnership
Present
2018～2028
2050
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Japan Proposes Sectoral Approach
2013-
◆At the annual World Economic Forum held in Davos in January 2008,
Prime Minister Fukuda outlined his new proposal aimed at ensuring
equity in the target setting for the post-Kyoto framework
Sectoral Approach
Japan, along with other major emitters,
will establish quantified national targets
for emissions reductions
The target could be set based on a
bottom-up approach by compiling on a
sectoral basis energy efficiency and
tallying up the reduction volume
Review of Target Year
The base year should also be reviewed
from the standpoint of equity
Without equity, it will be impossible to
maintain efforts and solidarity over the
long term
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Tally the Reduction Potential to Help Set
Fair and Effective Targets
Cooperative
Sectoral Approach
Image of Sectoral Approach
Country A
Country B
Country C
Electric
Generation
Electric
Generation
Electric
Generation
Industry
Industry
Industry
Transportation
Transportation
Transportation
Civil
Sector
Civil
Sector
Civil
Sector
・・・
・・・
・・・
Total reduction
target of A
Total reduction
Target of B
Total reduction
Target of C
Bottom up
Sectoral
Approach
〔Ton of CO2 equivalent〕
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Japan’s New Proposal: “In Pursuit of
‘Japan as a Low-carbon Society’”
On June 9 2008, Prime Minister Fukuda announced Japan’s new
proposal “In pursuit of ‘Japan as a Low-carbon Society.’”
① Long-term goals
Sets 60-80% reduction in emissions of its current
level by 2050 as Japan’s long- term goal.
② Mid-term goals
Japan could cut emissions by 2020 by 14% - compared
to 2005 levels by 2020 (Government estimate)
Japan will strive to gain the understanding of nations
around the world on the sectoral approach, in setting
quantified national emission reduction targets.
Japan will announce its national emission reduction
target at an appropriate time next year.
It is essential to have a “total participation” framework
that includes all the major economies, not just the EU
and Japan.
③ Technological development and
assistance for developing countries
Japan will contribute up to US$1.2 billion to a new
multilateral fund which Japan is working with the US
and UK to establish, aiming to assist developing
countries in addressing climate change.
 At the Toyako Summit, Japan will propose an
International Partnership for Environment and Energy,
which aims to share a global roadmap for innovative
technological development looking 30-40 years ahead
by having the international community work in unison,
to advance technological development. The
achievement of this partnership is also to be shared
with developing countries.
④ Emissions trading
This fall, Japan will begin an experimental
introduction of an integrated domestic market of
emissions trading.
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Japan Also Leads in Investment on R&D
Government R & D Investment in the
Energy Sector in Various Countries
Global Trend in Public Investment in
Research and Development in the
Energy Sector
(2005)
England
Italy
German
France
129.9
320.5
513.2
523.4
(Unit: million dollars)
US
Japan is
the
world
leader
3017.8
3905.3
Japan
1250
ＥＵ
0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
（Source: IEA, European Commission）
Prime Minister Fukuda made a commitment at the Davos forum in January
2008: “We will invest US$30 billion over the next five years in R&D in the
environment and energy sector.”
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Supporting Developing Countries Making Efforts
to Reduce Emissions While Achieving Growth
Prime Minister
Fukuda gives
speech at Davos
Forum (January 2008)
Multilateral
funds
Aim to establish a
new multilateral fund
together with the US
and UK, and call for
participation from
other donors
Cool Earth Partnership
Japan provides support on a scale of 10 billion US$
Support domains:
- Climate change mitigation policies
- Adaptation policies for developing
countries vulnerable to climate change
- Improvement of access to clean energy
Target countries/projects:
◆ Senegal, Madagascar and Guyana: Non-project grant aid
◆ Indonesia: Climate change program loans (under consideration)
◆ Others
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Financial Mechanism “Cool Earth Partnership” (Image)
From 2008, Japan will provide funds on the scale of US$10billion over the next five years.→ to assist
developing countries making efforts to reduce GHGs emissions and achieve economic growth in a
compatible way.
Up to US $2 billion
Assistance for adaptation
& improved access to clean energy
Grant aid
Developing countries
（on the basis of policy
consultation）
Vulnerable
countries
Transfer Japanese
technology and promote
GHGs emission reductions
at global level
(e.g.） Improvement in
energy efficiency of power
generation
Technical Assistance
Assistance through international
organizations
Up toUS$8 billion
Assistance for
mitigation
“Cool Earth
ODA loan”
(US$4 billion)
Eligible countries
for ODA loan
Other public funds
（e.g.）
Forest conservation, measures against
disasters related to climate change
(including disaster prevention) such as
drought and floods, electrification of
rural communities by introduction of
solar power generation and small-scale
hydro energy.
Private sector activities
& funds
Projects
Assistance for adaptation and
improved access to clean energy;
promote sustainable development
Other funds
Encourage private
finance and promote
technology transfer
※ Japan has also created a new
multilateral fund together with the
United States and the United
Kingdom, and calls on other
donors to join in.
JBIC
NEXI
ＮＥＤＯ etc.
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Basic Policy of ‘Cool Earth Partnership’
“The other pillar of International Environment Cooperation is assistance to developing countries that are
aiming to achieve both emissions reductions and economic growth and working to contribute to climate
stability. As one measure, Japan will establish a new financial mechanism, Cool Earth Partnership, on the
scale of US$10 billion. Through this, Japan will cooperate actively with developing countries’ efforts to reduce
emissions, such as efforts to enhance energy efficiency. At the same time, we will extend the hand of
assistance to developing countries suffering severe adverse impacts as a result of climate change. In
addition, Japan aims to create a new multilateral fund together with the United States and the United
Kingdom, and we call for participation from other donors as well. We will use such instruments to strengthen
our solidarity with developing countries and work towards the reduction of greenhouse gases globally.”
- Special Address by Prime Minister Fukuda in Davos (Jan 26, 2008)
Establishment of Cool Earth Partnership (Financial Mechanism)：
①Japan will have policy consultations with developing countries to reach common understandings of
policies regarding climate change (e.g. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve economic growth
In a compatible way to contribute to climate stability.).
②Japan will provide program and project assistance (policy formulation, institution building, human resource
development, project implementation) in order to promote efforts to address climate change in developing
countries .
③Through such assistance, Japan will facilitate the negotiation process to formulate an effective framework
beyond 2012, in which all countries participate.
Policy Consultations
with Developing
Countries
〈Program and Project
Assistance〉
● Policy Formulation
● Institution Building and
Human Resource Development
● Project Implementation
Promotion of Efforts
to Address Global Warming
（In addition, Japan aims to create a new multilateral fund together with the United States and the United
Kingdom, and we call for participation from other donors as well. ）
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Climate Change Program Loan for Indonesia
• First case of climate change-related ODA loan
• Up to the total amount of 300 million U.S. dollars
• With special preferential interest rate
(Significance)
 Efforts of the Indonesian Government to address climate change issues by
formulating the National Action Plan Addressing Climate Change
 Indonesian appreciation of the Japanese “Cool Earth Promotion Program” and its
active participation in formulating a future framework on climate change in which all
major economies participate in more responsible manner
 Japanese assistance can promote the Indonesian Government’s measures
addressing climate change and also boost the international efforts to cope with
climate change
(Scope of the partnership)
 Forestry Sector
 Energy Sector
 Industry, Domestic (household) and Commercial Sector
 Water Resource Management Sector
 Others
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Now is the time
We have to stop global warming as
for
both
countries
soon
asindustrialized
possible for posterity
and developing countries
to join forces to fight climate change
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