Download NWP Workshop on Methods and Tools - ACP

The Status of the Climate
Change Negotiations and
Implications for the CDM
DNA National Workshop
Belmopan
4 & 5 November 2010
Carlos Fuller
Deputy Director
The Caribbean Community
Climate Change Centre
•
Endorsed by the CARICOM Heads of Government
in July 2002
•
An intergovernmental specialized agency of
CARICOM with an independent management that is
guided by
The CARICOM Council of Trade and Economic
Development (COTED) on policy matters.
A board of directors with responsibility for
strategic planning.
A technical secretariat headed by an Executive
Director with responsibility for tactical planning.
• The Centre is mandated to coordinate the regional
response to climate change and its efforts to
manage and adapt to its projected impacts.
 Operational since
January 2004
 Located in
Belmopan, Belize
• The Centre possesses full juridical personality.
• Financially independent
2
Members
●
●
●
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
●
Belize
●
Dominica
●
Grenada
●
Guyana
●
Haiti
●
Jamaica
●
Suriname
●
Saint Lucia
●
St. Kitts and Nevis
●
St. Vincent & the Grenadines
●
Trinidad and Tobago
Functional Organogram
TECHNICAL
SECRETARIAT
The Centre coordinates the regional
response to climate change and is the
key node on climate change issues and
the Caribbean's efforts to manage and
adapt to climate change
INTERNATIONAL
COLLABORATING
INSTITUTIONS
OTHER CARICOM
SUPPORTING
INSTITUTIONS
CARIBBEAN
DISASTER
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
AGENCY
UNIVERSITY
OF THE
WEST INDIES
CARIBBEAN AGRICULTURAL
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
INSTITUTE
CARIBBEAN
ENVIRONMENTAL
HEALTH
INSTITUTE
UNIVERSITY
OF
BELIZE
CARIBBEAN INSTITUTE
OF
METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY
CUBA INSTITUTE
OF
METEOROLOGY
UNIVERSITY
OF
LOUISVILLE
JAPAN INSTITUTE
OF
METEOROLOGY
UK MET SERVICE
HADLEY CENTRE
POTSDAM INSTITUTE
FOR CLIMATE IMPACT
STUDIES
UN INSTITUTE
FOR
TRAINING & RESEARCH
FLORIDA
INTERNATIONAL
UNIVERSITY
4
United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC)
●
Ultimate Objective: “stabilization of greenhouse
gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level
that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic
interference with the climate system…within a
timeframe sufficient to allow eco-systems to
adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that
food production is not threatened and to enable
economic development to proceed in a
sustainable manner.”
UNFCCC – Developed Countries
●
●
Commitment - To return individually or jointly to
their 1990 levels of emissions of greenhouse
gases (GHG) by 2000
In fact, their emissions have risen
UNFCCC
●
Belize signed in 1992
●
Belize ratified in 1994
●
Convention came into force on 21 March 1994
●
●
At COP 1 (1995) the Ad hoc Group on the
Berlin Mandate (AWG-BM) was established to
draft an agreement to strengthen developed
country commitments
8 negotiating sessions culminating in the Kyoto
Protocol at COP 3 in 1997
Kyoto Protocol
●
●
Parties included in Annex I (developed
countries) shall reduce their overall emissions
of GHGs by at least 5% below their 1990 levels
in the commitment period 2008 to 2012
Came into effect on 16 February 2005 when 50
Parties representing 55% of global GHG
emissions ratified

US withdrew
Greenhouse Gases (GHG)
●
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
●
Methane (CH4)
●
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
●
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
●
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
●
Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
Sectors/Source Categories
●
Energy
●
Forestry
●
Industrial Processes
●
Agriculture
●
Waste
●
Solvent and other product use
Parties and their assigned quantified emission
limitation or reduction commitment
Japan
94%
Latvia
92%
Liechtenstein
92%
Lithuania
92%
Luxembourg
92%
Monaco
92%
Netherlands
92%
New Zealand
100%
Norway
101%
Poland
94%
Portugal
92%
Romania
92%
Russian Federation
100%
Slovakia
92%
Slovenia
92%
Spain
92%
Sweden
92%
●
Australia
108%
Austria
92%
●
●
●
●
Belgium
92%
Bulgaria
92%
Canada
94%
Croatia
95%
Czech Rep.
92%
Denmark
92%
Estonia
92%
EU
92%
Finland
92%
France
92%
Germany
92%
Greece
92%
Hungary
94%
Iceland
110%
Ireland
92%
Italy
92%
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Switzerland
92%
Ukraine
100%
UK
92%
USA
92%
●
●
●
●
Flexibility Mechanisms
●
Joint Implementation (Article 4)
●
Emissions Trading (Article 6)
●
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (Article
12)
Purpose of the CDM (Article
12.2)
●
●
To assist developing countries in achieving
sustainable development and achieving the
ultimate objective of the Convention
To assist developed countries in achieving
compliance with their quantified emission
limitation and reduction commitments
Kyoto Protocol
●
●
●
●
First Commitment Period: 2008- 2012
Art. 3.9: CMP shall initiate consideration of commitments
for subsequent periods at least 7 years before the end of
the first commitment period
2005: CMP established the AWG-KP to define
“subsequent commitment period(s), targets, …)
Negotiations commenced …


New gases?
New sectors?
●

●
International aviation and marine transport
New Parties?
What to do about the USA?
AWG-LCA
●
●
Dialogue on Long Term Commitments
commenced in 2005
Bali Action Plan (2007) launched formal
negotiations under the AWG-LCA

Mitigation for developed and developing countries

Adaptation

Financing

Technology
Copenhagen
●
Negotiations of AWG-KP and AWG-LCA should
have concluded in Copenhagen in 2009
●
Failed
●
Negotiations resumed in 2010
●
Unlikely to have a comprehensive agreement in
Cancun in December 2010

Series of Decisions on other issues such as
Adaptation, Finance, Forestry, Technology
Issue: Mitigation by a few =
Unfair Economic Competition
USA
KYOTO
PARTIES
MAJOR
DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
Future?
●
●
●
●
●
EU will purchase credits from any projects
initiated prior to 31 December 2012
Japan will purchase credits post 2012
EU will purchase credits from LDCs post 2012
for European Trading Scheme (ETS)
Voluntary markets will continue
Mechanisms in Kyoto Protocol incorporated in
any new instrument