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Muscle movements • Types of muscle contractions We have said so far that muscles will contract or shorten via the sliding filament theory • This is true, however shortening does not always occur • Because of this fact we have two types of contractions • Types of muscle contractions • The two types of muscle contractions that we can experience are: • Isotonic contractions -“same tone” • Isometric contractions -“same measurement” Isotonic Contractions • Isotonic contractions are contractions that are most familiar to us • This occurs when the myofilaments are successful in their sliding movements Isometric contractions • In Isometric movements the muscles are rapidly gaining tension but not moving • This type of contraction would occur if you tried to lift a car with out the aid of any tools. Muscle tone • Muscle tone is an aspect of skeletal muscle activity that cannot be controlled consciously. • Muscle tone is the state of continuous partial contractions. Muscle tone • Muscle tone is the result of different motor units, which are scattered through the muscle, being stimulated by the nervous system in a systematic way • If muscle tone does not occur, a muscle can be come flaccid and even atrophy • This is common in people who are paralyzed. The effect of exercise on muscles • Muscles health follows a simple pattern; “use it or loose it” • If we do not use our muscles they will get weaker and atrophy • Regular exercise will increase muscle size, strength, and endurance. Muscle Exercise • Aerobic or endurance types of exercise such as jogging, biking, running, etc will result in stronger more flexible muscles with a greater resistance to fatigue. Aerobic Exercise • Aerobic exercise strengthens muscles mainly because we are increasing the supply of oxygen to the muscles • Increased oxygen means more mitochondria for more ATP creation Aerobic exercise • Aerobic exercise will also cause the hear to enlarge so that more blood is pumped, increase metabolism, improve digestion, and clear fats from the bloodstream • Aerobic exercise will not cause muscles to increase in size Resistance and isometric exercise • The bulging muscles of a body builder are the result of resistance or isometric exercises • In isometric exercise you are increasing resistance while the muscles are forced to not contract Resistance and isometric exercise • This isometric exercising causes muscles to increase due to enlargement of individual muscle cells ( the cells make more contractile filaments), instead of increase in their number. • The amount of connective tissue that reinforces the muscle also increases to keep up