Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Physical Education in Glasgow Standard Grade Presentations Section 1a THE SKELETON AND IT’S FUNCTIONS 1 Standard Grade Presentations Physical Education in Glasgow 1. The Framework of the Body The skeleton consists of 206 bones, which, when joined together create the internal framework and support for your body Where two or more bones come together they form a JOINT. Some joints are formed by the bones fusing together to create fixed or immoveable joints, (e.g. the skull), while others are held together by LIGAMENTS and create the knee). The moveable skeleton joints, gives (e.g. the body SHAPE and FORM Some of the fixed joints in the skull can be clearly seen. Here ligaments are holding the bones together at the knee. 2 Standard Grade Presentations Physical Education in Glasgow 2. Protection In addition to being the internal framework of the body the skeleton also provides PROTECTION for vital organs in the body. The brain is protected by the The rib cage and sternum eight bones surrounding it, surround vital organs like called the cranium and which the heart and lungs. is part of the skull. The vertebral column protects our spinal cord, which relays messages from the brain to the body. 3 Standard Grade Presentations Physical Education in Glasgow 3. Muscle Attachment The skeleton has moveable joints but it cannot move on its own. It is the muscles in our body which bring about movement. Bones have muscles attached to them by TENDONS. Humerus Biceps Muscle Biceps Tendon Radius Triceps Muscle Triceps Tendon Ulna The bones of the right arm at the elbow joint Q: How Can you are the identify name muscles the thetwo three attached muscles bones toshown? above? the bones? 4 Standard Grade Presentations Physical Education in Glasgow 4. Formation of Blood Cells Bones are not completely solid inside. They would be too heavy for us to carry around if they were. The final function of the skeleton is to create BLOOD CELLS. This is done in the red bone marrow. Red Blood Cells They carry oxygen to the tissues in the body White Blood Cells They help fight infections and aid our immune system Platelets They help blood clotting 5 Standard Grade Presentations Physical Education in Glasgow Cartilage Finally, our muscles help hold the body in position giving it shape and form, but when they move the body, bone would rub directly against bone, effectively grinding it away. Bones have an added protection against this. It is called CARTILAGE. Cartilage is a soft spongy material that covers the end of bones. In our knees we have two types of cartilage; one acting as a shock absorber between the bones, (Meniscus), the other, a very smooth covering over the ends of the bones, with very low friction (Articular Cartilage). 6 Standard Grade Presentations Physical Education in Glasgow You have now completed Section 1a - ‘The Skeleton and Its Functions’ You should now move onto Section 1b – ‘The Joints of the Skeleton’ Created for Physical Education in Glasgow Secondary Schools by I.J.Brown – Saint Roch’s Sec. School E.Gordon – Kings Park Sec. School C.McGourty – Holyrood Sec. School 7