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TEST- THURSDAY APRIL 2!!
Pages 169 - 171
 1A) Flexion
 1B)
Plantarflexion
 1C)
aBduction = AWAY
 1D)
Dorsiflexion
Pages 157 – 158
 Muscles work with the skeletal system to
produce movement
 Muscles
help us to maintain our posture
 Muscles
generate heat by contracting
 Muscles
stabilize our joints
Page 155
Skeletal muscle: voluntary, striated
Cardiac muscle: involuntary, striated
Smooth muscle: involuntary, no striations
Page 173
L = location
A = action
D = direction of fibers
S = shape
N = number of origins
O = origin & insertion
R = relative size
Page 168
Attachment to the stationary bone
(immovable or less movable bone)
is called the ORIGIN
Page171
Prime mover: muscle that “gets all the credit”
Synergist: helps the prime mover by producing
the same movement
Antagonist: does the opposite of the prime mover
Pages 183 & 185
7A) Masseter & Temporalis
7B) Sternocleidomastoid
7C) Zygomaticus
7D) Trapezius
Page 183 & 185
8A) Quadriceps group
8B) Tibialis anterior
8C) Gastrocnemius
8D) Deltoid
Page 156
Fascia  layers of connective tissue
covering and separating muscles
EPIMYSIUM: covers entire muscle
PERIMYSIUM: covers a bundle of fibers (the
fascicle)
ENDOMYSIUM: covers each muscle fiber
Page 158 and Page 156
The contractile units are called
SARCOMERES!
Bundles of myofibers = fascicle
Page 158
The thin filaments slide inward toward
the center of the sarcomere and the
thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments
are completely overlapped.
Pages 160 – 161
 1)
the axon terminal of the nerve cell
NEURON
2) The sarcolemma of the muscle cell
MYOFIBER
Pages 160 – 161
Nerve impulses stimulate the release of the
neurotransmitter ACh which is a chemical
message sent across the synaptic cleft to
the sarcolemma.
Contraction Cram NOTES
toxin BOTOX blocks the
release of the neurotransmitter
ACh and temporarily
PARALYZES the muscle
 Botulinum
Page 158
Thick (MYOSIN) and thin (ACTIN) filaments
OVERLAP each other in a pattern
that creates striations

Answer the following questions in COMPLETE
SENTENCES to be turned in on WEDNESDAY APRIL
1st.

 Short Answer Essays: #’s 1 (P 157), 2 (P 155),
3 (P 158), 4 (P 156), 5 (P 156)

 Short Answer Essays: #’s 16 (P 183 – 185), 17
(P 175), 18 (P 181) , 19 (P 181)

 At the Clinic: #’s 1, 2, 3 (you should already
have the answers to these questions)
 Review
the following Diagrams:
A
 Skeletal Muscle Fascia (Epimysium,
Perimysium, and Endomysium)
B
 Sarcomere Anatomy
C
 Neuromuscular Junction Basics
D
 Muscles Diagram – Review all Muscles!
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Tendon
Epimysium
Endomysium
Perimysium
Fascicle
Myofiber
1.
Z disc
H zone
3. M line
4. A band
8. sarcomere
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Neuron
Mitochondrion (mitochondria)
Synaptic cleft
Myofiber (sarcolemma)
ACh neurotransmitter
sarcomere