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5/24/2017 Title: Anat & Phys 12/6/06 Objectives: To learn about the physiology of muscles. Class Topics • • • • • • Review contraction Isometric contraction Contraction graphs Myosin isoforms Test review Biomechanics “One cannot talk himself out of something he behaved himself into.” Anonymous Wednesday, May 24, 2017 4:29 AM Page: 1 5/24/2017 Class Assignments What • Muscle physiology test By When 12/8/06 • Due this class period • Due next class period • Due in the future Page: 2 5/24/2017 Anaerobic Respiration • Oxygen debt – oxygen goes toward decomposition of lactic acid - not respiration • Muscle fatigue – too much lactic acid - low pH - no contraction • Muscle cramp – muscle contracts but doesn’t relax – not enough ATP to move calcium ions back into SR Page: 3 5/24/2017 Muscle Tone • Sustained contraction occurring in muscle fibers at all times - resting muscle • Used for posture, body positioning, reflexes, and keep body firm • Lost when a person passes out – dead weight Page: 4 5/24/2017 Rigor Mortis • Contraction of muscle after death • Sarcoplasmic Reticulum releases Calcium ions – muscles contract, do not relax – relax when decomposition occurs Page: 5 5/24/2017 Isotonic • Produces movement as the muscle pulls the bone toward a stationary structure • ex. Bicep curl • All movements! Page: 6 5/24/2017 Isometric • Produces muscle tensions, but the muscle does not shorten • No body movement • ex. Pushing an immovable object Page: 7 5/24/2017 Twitch Page: 8 5/24/2017 Page: 9 5/24/2017 Muscle Types HO “Muscle, Genes, and Athletic Performance” • Slow twitch – Type I • Fast twitch – Type IIe – Type IIx Page: 10 5/24/2017 Test Review • No multiple choice – All short answer, drawings, labeling, and essay • Essay – Explain muscle contraction and relaxation Page: 11 5/24/2017 Test Review • Connective tissues • Organelles • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Neuromuscular junction All or none response Innervation Proteins Myofibril Energy sources Oxygen debt Muscle fatigue Muscle tone Muscle cramp Rigor mortis Isometric/isotonic Graphs – twitch, summation, tetanic Myosin isoforms – Drawing, labeling – Mitochondrion, nucleus, ribosomes Page: 12 5/24/2017 Biomechanics • Skeletal system and muscular system working together • Levers – 3 types of levers • 1st class • 2nd class • 3rd class Page: 13 5/24/2017 Pivot Levers Fi Force in Fo Force out Fi Fi Fo 2nd class Fo 1st class Fo Fi 3rd class Page: 14 5/24/2017 1st class lever Triceps Brachii, also found in muscles of neck and head Fi Fo Increases speed and overcomes resistance Page: 15 5/24/2017 2nd Class Lever Gastrocnemius Fi Fo Used to overcome resistance, move large weights Page: 16 5/24/2017 3rd Class Lever Masseter and temporalis with the mandible, also the biceps brachii F1 Fo Used to obtain rapid movement Page: 17 5/24/2017 Mechanical Advantage • Force out can be many times larger than force in by using the correct lever system • Fo = Fi (li/lo) – li is the distance from Fi to the pivot (fulcrum), and lo is the distance from Fo to the pivot Fi = 160 dynes 1 mm Fo 3 mm Fi Fo = ? Page: 18