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Chapter 5 Integumentary System © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Integumentary System • Skin and its appendages – – – – Hair Nails Sebaceous glands Sweat glands • Integumentary means covering • 3,000 square inches of surface area © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Animation – Skin Click Here to play Skin animation © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Functions of Skin • • • • Covering Regulate body temperature Manufacture Vitamin D Nerve receptors © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Functions of Skin • Temporary storage • Screen out ultraviolet radiation • Special absorptive properties © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Structure of the Skin • Epidermis – Outermost covering – Avascular • Dermis – True skin – Connective tissue – Vascular © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Structure of the Skin © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Epidermal Cells • • • • Keratinocytes Merkel cells Melanocytes Langerhans cells © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Epidermal Layers • • • • • Stratum germinativum Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Dermis • • • • Also called corium Thicker, inner layer of the skin Many nerve receptors Blood vessels and heat regulation © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Subcutaneous Layer • • • • Also called hypodermal layer Lies under dermis Not a true part of the integumentary system Attaches integumentary system to the surface muscles underneath © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Appendages Hair • • • • • • Root shaft Outer cuticle layer Cortex Inner medulla Hair follicle Arrector pili muscle © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Appendages Nails • Hard structures covering the dorsal surfaces of the last phalanges of the fingers and toes • Nail bed or matrix • Diseases and nail color © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Appendages Sweat Glands • • • • • • Also called sudoriferous glands Perspiration 99% water Perspiration is excreted through pores Under the control of the nervous system 500ml water lost per day through skin Ceruminous or wax glands © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Sebaceous Glands • Secrete sebum which is thick, oily substance • Sebum lubricates the skin, keeping it soft and pliable © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Microorganisms • Intact skin is the best way to protect itself against pathogens • Most skin bacteria are associated with hair follicles and sweat glands • Handwashing – Most effective action to prevent spread of disease • 20 seconds for washing hands • 2-4 minutes for infectious material © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Aging • • • • • Becomes more fragile and dry Loss of elasticity Less effective body temperature control Melanocytes decrease Physiological changes can impact self-worth © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Disorders Skin • Acne vulgaris – Common and chronic disorder of sebaceous glands • Athlete’s foot – Contagious fungal infection • Dermatitis – Inflammation of the skin © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Disorders Skin • Eczema – Acute or chronic, noncontagious inflammatory skin disease • Impetigo – Acute, inflammatory, and contagious skin disease • Psoriasis – Chronic inflammatory skin disease (reddish patches covered by silvery-white scales) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Disorders Skin • Ringworm – Highly contagious fungal infection • Urticaria (hives) – Intensely itching wheals or welts • Boils (carbuncles) – Painful, bacterial infection of the hair follicles or sebaceous glands © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Disorders Skin • Rosacea – Common inflammatory disorder (chronic redness and irritation to the face) • Herpes – Viral infection which is usually seen as a blister © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Disorders Skin • Genital herpes – Virus which may appear as a blister in the genital area • Shingle (herpes zoster) – Skin eruption due to a virus infection of the nerve ending © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Disorders Hair and Nails • Head lice – Parasitic insects • Ingrown nails – Common nail problem © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Disorders Hair and Nails • Fungal infections – Infections of the nail • Warts – Viral infections that affect the skin surrounding or underneath the nail © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Skin Cancer • • • • Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Malignant melanoma Skin and sun exposure © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Burns • • • • Rule of nines First degree burns Second degree burns Third degree burns © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Skin Lesions • Pressure ulcer (decubitus ulcers) – – – – Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
