Download Bloodborne Pathogens Module

BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Training
“If it’s wet and it’s not yours,
don’t touch it!”
South Burlington School District
Bloodborne Pathogens Training
Introduction
Welcome to the South Burlington School District’s
bloodborne pathogen training module.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) requires that all employees who are at risk
for exposure to blood or body fluids receive annual
training which will give specific information to help
protect against bloodborne disease. This module is
intended to provide this important information. All
employees are expected to review this information
each year.
But it is just as important……
• to also prevent the
spread of bloodborne
disease and
• to model to students the
appropriate way to handle
blood and body fluids.
Topics of Discussion
• What is a Bloodborne Pathogen?
• Transmission of Disease in the School Environment.
• The District’s Exposure Control Plan.
• How to Reduce your Risk of Exposure.
• Actions to Take After an Exposure Incident.
What is a Bloodborne
Pathogen??
Bloodborne= transmitted by
blood (or other body fluids)
Pathogen = microorganism
capable of causing disease
Bloodborne Pathogens are
present in:
--Blood
--Semen
--Vaginal Secretions
--Torn or Loose Skin
--Other Body Fluids, particularly if
tainted with blood
What are some Examples of
Bloodborne Pathogens??
Hepatitis B
HIV
HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viruses are
examples of bloodborne pathogens. These are
serious diseases.
Hepatitis C
HIV Information
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus which
causes AIDS. This virus attacks the body’s immune system
and interferes with the ability to fight infection.
HIV is spread mainly through sexual contact, but may also be
spread by contact with blood and body fluids. There is no
vaccine to prevent AIDS. If you contract HIV, you may:
--suffer flu-like illness (fever, fatigue, diarrhea)
--carry the virus and show NO symptoms for years
--eventually develop AIDS
--develop AIDS-related illness (cancer, neurological
problems and other opportunistic infections)
Hepatitis Information
Hepatitis means ‘inflammation of the liver.’ Most people who
contract hepatitis will heal in about six months. In others, the
virus can cause liver damage and be life threatening.
There is a vaccination for Hepatitis B.
Hepatitis Information
If you become infected with Hepatitis B virus, you may:
--suffer flu-like illness (fatigue, weight loss, fever,
diarrhea)
--require hospitalization
--not show any signs / symptoms
--be unaware that you are a carrier
--have infected blood and body fluids
--pass the virus on to sexual partners, family
members, or newborns from infected mother
Hepatitis C Information
If you become infected with Hepatitis C, you may:
--Look and feel ill (jaundice, dark urine, nausea,
abdominal pain, no appetite).
--Pass the virus on to others by sharing needles,
through contact with infected blood/body fluids, and
to newborns from an infected mother.
Between 55%-85% of infected people will have a chronic
infection. Between 1%-5% will die.
Many contagious people show no signs or
symptoms of infection. Only blood tests
can positively identify these diseases.
Transmission of Disease in the
School Environment
Pathogens can enter
your body through
various avenues
•
•
•
•
•
Cuts, scratches
Skin abrasions
Dermatitis, eczema
Acne areas
Mucus membranes:
eyes, nose, mouth
• Any sort of damaged
or broken skin such as
sunburn or blisters
Staff working with severely disabled children should take extra
caution, as some disabled children may be more vulnerable to injury,
likely to have special medical needs, dependent upon adults for
personal care and need more assistance or care when injured.
You can also become infected
with:
• Broken glass (science labs,
cooking class)
• Sharp metal / scissors
• Needles (consumer science
classes)
• Exacto Knives (art classes)
• Exposed ends of orthodontic
wires (braces)
Administering First Aid
Custodial duties
Coaching/refereeing
Risks in the
School Setting
Working with a student
with a disability
Intervening in fights
Working w/ students using heat sources,
sharp instruments, power tools
Assisting
students with
checking
their blood
sugar
You can become infected
INDIRECTLY:
When you touch a surface that
has been contaminated with
infected blood
and then, transfer the germs to
your eyes, nose, mouth or
open skin.
• The Hepatitis B virus is very
durable; studies show that
HBV can survive on surfaces
dried and at room temperature
for a week.
• HIV, on the other hand, is very
fragile and will not survive very
long outside of the human
body. However, because HIV
is such a devastating disease,
all precautions must be taken
to avoid exposure.
BBP Exposure Control Plan
OSHA requires that our District have a
written Exposure Control Plan.
•
What is the Purpose?
When an “exposure incident” occurs, we will
know how to respond quickly and appropriately,
ensuring a positive outcome.
•
What is Included?
--Identification of personnel covered by the
OSHA standard.
--Analysis of potential hazards of each job
description.
--Determination of measures to be taken to
reduce the risk of exposure to bloodborne
pathogens on the job.
--Written procedures related to exposure risks.
•
Where is it located?
Business Office and School Health Offices.
Reducing Your Risk of Exposure
It is impossible to tell who is infected with a disease simply by
appearances; many people who are infected show no visible signs or
symptoms and may not even know their infectious state.
Therefore, using universal precautions is essential.
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS is a prevention concept in which all
blood and body fluids are treated as if they are infectious.
In other words, whether or not you think the blood/body fluid is
infected with bloodborne pathogens, you treat it as if it is. Using
this, along with other protective practices can greatly reduce your
risk.
Work Practice Controls
Work Practice Controls refers to specific
procedures one must follow on the job to reduce
exposure to blood or other potentially infectious
materials. For example, our custodial staff has
special training in proper procedures for
cleaning up blood and body fluid spills.
Reducing your Risk:
Handwashing
This is your most important work practice control! You should wash your hands
with soap and water –
 Every time you remove gloves or other
personal protective equipment.
 ASAP if your skin / mucous membrane has
come in direct contact with blood or other
body fluid.
 Regularly throughout the day... before
eating, after using bathroom, after handling
animals, etc.
 If handwashing facilities are not available,
use an antiseptic gel or towelette until you
can get to sink with soap and running water.
Reducing your Risk:
Gloves
Gloves must be worn if you anticipate exposure to another person’s blood,
potentially infectious materials, mucous membranes or non-intact skin.
 Keep gloves within easy reach
at all times; all staff should
have access. Your building
nurse will supply you with gloves
as needed.
 If you assist with first aid where
blood or body fluids are involved,
you must wear gloves.
 Replace gloves as soon as you
can if they are torn, punctured,
contaminated or defective in any
way (sometimes they wear out).
 Do NOT reuse disposable
gloves.
Always wash your hands
after taking your gloves off.
Reducing your Risk:
Removing Gloves
Unsure of the proper way to remove gloves?
Follow these steps listed below. If you have any questions,
consult with your building nurse for a demonstration.
1.
With both hands gloved, peel one glove off by grabbing it in the
middle of your palm and pulling it off your fingers last (the glove
should come off your hand inside out). Hold it in the gloved hand.
2.
With the exposed hand, peel the second glove FROM THE INSIDE,
tucking the first glove inside the second.
3.
Dispose of the gloves properly.
4.
Never touch the outside of the gloves with your bare skin.
5.
Wash your hands as soon as possible.
Reducing your risk:
Housekeeping Reminders
Minimize blood spatter
when helping an injured
and bleeding person.
Handle contaminated laundry /
clothing as little as possible.
Dispose sharps (needles,
broken glass, bloody
metal) and infectious
wastes in designated
containers.
Call a custodian for clean-up
of blood or body fluids.
Encourage students to selfadminister first aid if
possible.
Inspect and clean wastepaper
baskets and other receptacles
that are reused (and have a
likelihood of becoming
contaminated with blood or other
infectious materials) on a regular
basis.
Avoid picking-up broken glass with
your bare hands. Use a broom and
dustpan, tongs or some other
device.
Reducing your Risk:
Personal Hygiene Reminders
Avoid eating, drinking,
applying makeup or lip
balm where there is a
possibility of exposure.
Cover cuts,
scratches, rashes or
other open sores on
exposed skin.
Avoid sharing razors,
toothbrushes or other
personal items.
Avoid handling
contact lenses
where there is a
possibility of
exposure.
Reducing Your Risk:
Hepatitis B Vaccination
Part of the District’s Control Plan includes offering the
Hepatitis B vaccination.
• Studies show it is around 85%
effective at protecting you from
Hep B.
• Yeast-based (not derived from
human plasma).
• 3 shots given over 6 months.
• Safe.
• Good for at least 10 years.
• Booster doses may be needed
later.
• Side effects may include:
soreness at injection site,
fever, malaise, fatigue.
• You may discuss the pros and
cons of this vaccination with
your health care provider.
• If you decide to receive the
Hep B series, contact the
business office directly.
More Hepatitis B Information
All employees are required to have a copy of the SBSD
Hepatitis B Vaccination Consent-Declination Form on
file with the district. This is done at the time of initial
hire with the district.
If you decide not to get this vaccination at this time, you
may change your mind at any time in the future.
You may review the SBSD Hepatitis B Vaccination
Consent – Declination Form in the Appendix at the end
of this training module.
What is an “Exposure Incident?”
To reiterate…
When your “non-intact skin” or mucus membranes come
in contact with another person’s blood or body fluid.
Examples of non-intact skin:
Cuts, scrapes, burns, dermatitis, or any other skin
lesions
Examples of mucus membranes
Lips, nostrils, mouth, eyes, vagina, rectum
Emergency Action Steps after an
Exposure Incident:
 Immediately wash hands or the
exposed area with soap and
water; flush with copious amounts
of water.
 Employee will then be referred for
consultation for medical evaluation
and follow up.
 Apply an antiseptic or band aid as
needed.
 Records will be kept confidential by
the health care provider.
 Report the incident to supervisor /
building nurse / principal as
appropriate.
 There may be other paperwork
required by SBSD depending upon
the situation (i.e. accident report,
workman’s compensation, etc).
Questions??
If you have any questions now or throughout the year, or if you would like to
review this information with a video, booklet or similar article, please contact
your building nurse. Each nurse has access to materials for you to read at your
convenience.
More information is available at the following web sites:
OSHA www.osha.org
VT Dept of Health www.healthvermont.gov
Center for Disease Control www.cdc.gov
Appendix A
Hepatitis B Vaccination Consent-Declination Form
I understand the benefits and risks of the Hepatitis B vaccination. I understand that I must receive at least 3
intramuscular doses of vaccine in the arm over a 6-month period to confer immunity. However, as with all
medical treatment, there is no guarantee that I will become immune or that I will not experience an adverse side
effect from the vaccine.
I have had an opportunity to ask questions and all my questions have been answered to my satisfaction. I am aware
that the SBSD assumes no responsibility for advice or counsel regarding this inoculation and I have been
advised to consult with my personal physician regarding the possible impact of this vaccine upon my health and
well being. I hold the South Burlington School District harmless for any consequences of this vaccination.
The cost of the Hepatitis B vaccine series of the inoculations will be at no charge to the employees who have
occupational blood exposure. I understand that participation is voluntary and my consent or refusal of the
vaccination does not have any impact upon the conditions of my employment. I understand hat I may withdraw
from the vaccination regimen at any time.
I voluntarily and of free choice, indicate that I have adequate knowledge upon which to base my informed consent or
declination of the vaccine as indicated above.
(Please check one)
__________I wish to receive the Hepatitis B vaccination series.
__________I decline the Hepatitis B vaccination series. I understand that by declining this vaccination, I continue to
be at risk of contracting Hepatitis B, a serious disease. If, in the future, I continue to have exposure to potentially
infectious materials and want to be vaccinated with the Hepatitis B vaccine, I can receive the vaccination series
at no charge to me.
Name (print) _________________________________________________________________________________
Signature __________________________________________________________________ Date_____________
Appendix B
MRSA
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Staph (staphylococcus aureus) is a very common bacterium that can live on the skin or in
the noses of healthy people. It is a common cause of skin lesions, such as pimples and
boils. Staph can sometimes lead to more serious infections on the skin and other sites
on the body. Some staph infections are harder to treat because the bacteria have
become resistant over time to the antibiotics usually used to treat these infections.
MRSA is spread through breaks in the skin, by skin to skin contact, or less often, by
touching surfaces that have MRSA on them.
MRSA is a type of staph infection that has become resistant to some anti-biotics. These
infections can be mild or very serious. MRSA infection is preventable and treatable.
MRSA is rarely serious when contracted in the community setting, where it typically appears
as an easily treatable skin infection. MRSA acquired in the hospital or health care
setting is a different strain and more serious that MRSA acquired in the community.
MRSA can be life-threatening to older people and those with a weakened immune
system.
Appendix B
Measures to Prevent MRSA
Simple measures can be taken to prevent MRSA infections:
--Wash hands often and well.
--Shower after exercise.
--Cover cuts, scrapes and wounds with bandages until healed.
--Don’t share personal items such as used razors, towels or other
objects that could pass bacteria from one person’s skin to another.
--Place barriers between skin and shared equipment like weight lifting
benches and sanitize frequently-touched surfaces.
If you think you have an infected wound, see your medical health care provider.
Any student with an open wound, or wound draining pus should be referred to
the school nurse for further evaluation.
The Vermont Department of Health has more information on their web site:
www.healthvermont.gov