Download Infection Control 2004

Infection Control 2004
Christine M. Wilson, RN
Staff Education
Arcadia Campus
Infection Control 2004
Objectives
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HIV, Hepatitis B or C, Tuberculosis
Infectious waste
Equipment cleaning
Masks
Respiratory etiquette
Hand washing campaign
HIV
• Damages immune system
• Transmitted through direct contact with
infected body fluids
• Not transmitted through mosquito bites or
casual contact
• Flu-like symptoms; no symptoms for years
• Best protection: Standard Precautions
Hepatitis B or C
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Inflammation of the liver
Jaundice, fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain
HBV: 30% have no symptoms
HCV: 80% have no symptoms
Transmitted through direct contact with
infected body fluids; not casual contact
• Best protection: Hepatitis B vaccine and
Standard Precautions
Tuberculosis
• Increase incidence in recent decades
• Caused by bacteria which form small round
nodules in tissues (lungs, joints, kidneys)
• Cough, fever, fatigue, night sweats, weight
loss, pain with breathing, joint pain
• Transmitted by airborne droplets
• Best protection: Respiratory etiquette and
wearing Masks
Occupational Exposure
Prevention
• Standard Precautions: Use appropriate
personal protection equipment
• Dispose of used needles properly
• Use medical devices with safety features
• Prompt reporting of significant exposures
• Hepatitis B vaccination
Regulated Infectious Waste
• Items that are drippable, flakable, pourable, or
squeezable with blood or other potentially
infectious materials are considered infectious
waste and regulated
• OSHA:
– Waste shall be properly contained and disposed
of, so as not to become a source of transmission
of disease to employees
• FSH Cost to dispose of “red bag” waste:
25 cents vs. 2 cents
Equipment Cleaning
• Item labeled “single use”—can not be reused;
must be disposed of after use
• “Clean” patient care equipment and supplies must
be stored physically separate from “soiled”
equipment. Label areas as “clean” or
“contaminated”
• Transport soiled/contaminated instruments or
equipment in closed containers
• Items soiled with blood or body fluids should be
cleaned ASAP
Masks
• Surgical masks:
– Standard precaution used when likelihood of
exposure to minimal or moderate amount of
blood or body fluids
– Droplet precaution used when organisms are
transmitted through droplets three feet from the
patient
– Respiratory etiquette used when patients or
staff need to contain droplets when coughing
More Masks
• N95 masks:
– Airborne precautions used when organisms are
transmitted through the air (i.e. TB)
• Shields:
– Standard precautions used when potential for
large exposure to blood or body fluids under
pressure
Universal Respiratory Etiquette
CDC Recommendations: FSH
• Patient education: posters in waiting rooms
• Provide surgical masks to patients with respiratory
illness: available at reception desks
• Provide tissues for patients: available waiting
rooms
• Encourage hand hygiene: provide alcohol gel in
waiting areas
• Place patients with respiratory symptoms in
private exam rooms as soon as possible
Healthcare Worker Etiquette
Arcadia Campus
• Cover cough with tissues
• Perform hand hygiene frequently with
alcohol gel
• Wear surgical mask if coughing frequently
• Stay home, if warranted
Hand Hygiene in Health Care
CDC Guidelines
• Alcohol based products
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Reduce bacteria more effectively than soap
Are more accessible than sinks
Require less time to use effectively
Cause less skin irritation and dryness than
soaps
When to use Alcohol-based
Hand-rub products
• Hands are NOT visibly soiled with blood or
body fluids:
– Before and after patient contact
– After touching equipment or furniture near the
patient
– After contact with a source of microorganisms
– When water is not available
– After removing gloves
When to use Soap and Water
• Hands are visibly dirty or contaminated
with blood or body fluids
• When you feel a “build-up” of hand-rub
emmolients
• After using the restroom
• Before eating
• If exposure to Bacillus anthracis suspected
or proven
Questions for Review
• A blood borne pathogen is:
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A. HIV
B. Hepatitis B
C. Hepatitis C
D. All of the above
• Ways to prevent occupational exposures include:
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A.Use of personal protection equipment
B. Use medical devices with safety features
C. Hepatitis B vaccine
D. All of the above
Questions for Review
• Items that are drippable, flakable, pourable, or
squeezable with blood or other potentially
infectious material need to go into red infectious
waste garbage bags. True False
• Items labeled “single use” can be reused for
patient care if properly cleaned. True False
• Clean patient care equipment and supplies can be
stored with soiled items. True False
• Use soap and water when hands are visible dirty
or contaminated with potentially infectious
material. True False
Questions for Review
• Type of mask used for standard precaution:
– A. N95
– B. Surgical
– C. Shield
• Etiquette used for patients and staff when
coughing:
– A. Table
– B. Driving
– C. Respiratory
Questions for Review
• Alcohol based hand-rubs:
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A. Reduce bacteria more effectively than soap
B. Require less time to use effectively
C. Are more accessible than sinks
D. All of the above
• AIDS is a leading cause of death among
people ages 25-44 in the United States.
True
False