Download NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE Environmental Health and Safety

NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE
Environmental Health and Safety Department
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS (BBP’s)
Training Program
6/27/2011
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Objectives
• To recognize the agency that regulates the
BBP standard
• List BBP covered the standard
• To recognize what the hazardous are and
how you can be exposed
• To apply safe work practices when
working with blood and other bodily fluids
• To manage disposal of contaminated
biohazard materials
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Regulators
• OSHA= 29 CFR 1910.1030
– (Occupational Safety and Health
Administration)
– Covers ALL employees who may be exposed
to blood and other potential infectious material
(OPIM)
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What is a Bloodborne Pathogen?
• A pathogenic
organism present
in blood (in addition
to other body
fluids), which may
cause disease in
humans
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Bloodborne Pathogens
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Of Particular Concern:
(covered under the OSHA standard)
– Human Immunodeficiency (HIV)
– Hepatitis B (HBV)
– Hepatitis C (HCV)
•Other examples include malaria, syphilis, African
sleeping sickness, leptospirosis, relapsing fever
(Borrelia), and viral hemorrhagic fevers (including
Ebola)
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Who is at risk for BBP Exposure?
• Anyone—but particularly:
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Laboratory personnel
Physicians
Nurses
Phlebotomists
Laundry and Janitorial workers
EMT/Paramedics
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• First recognized in 1981
• Infects key cells in the human body that are part of the
immune system, specifically CD4 and T cells
• Modes of transmission: sexual intercourse, direct contact
with infected blood, and from an infected mother to her
unborn child
• 1 in 300 possibility of getting infected after exposure
from needlestick or 1:1000 from mucosal splash
• Can only survive a short time outside a host
• No vaccine or cure available
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Hepatitis
• Hepatitis is a viral disease of the liver that can results in chronic liver
disease.
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There are 5 well known viral strains of hepatitis
Hepatitis B and C are bloodborne pathogens
There is a 1 in 3 chance of contracting HBV/HCV after exposure.
Hep B/C can survive on environmental surfaces. Decontamination is
important with 10% bleach solution
• The number of new HBV infections per year has declined from an
average of 260,000 in the 1980s to about 60,000 in 2004. The
number of new HCV infections per year has declined from an
average of 240,000 in the 1980s to about 26,000 in 2004.
CDC website (March 2005),
• http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/b/index.htm
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Transmission of BBPs
• Sexual Contact
• Shared needles
• Direct contact between broken or chaffed skin and
infected body fluids
• Needlesticks: most common method of transmission
of BBP in the medical environment
– Protect yourself by safely handling the needles and disposing
them immediately in a sharps container after use
– Report all needle stick and other sharps-related injuries promptly
to ensure that you receive appropriate follow-up care
– Never recap or resheath a needle
– Never leave a needle unattended on a work surface
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Exposure Control Plan
• Located in Health Services Department
(Basic Science Building; ext. 4324)
• Breaks down each job by class and identifies the
employee’s risk of exposure to blood or other
potentially infectious material
• Establishes procedures for evaluating the
circumstances of an exposure incident
• Explains the Hepatitis B Program
• Explains post exposure follow up and record
keeping procedure
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Health Services (BSB room C12)
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Sharps Containers
• Used to collect
materials such as
contaminated needles,
syringes, slides/cover
plates, dissection tools
for disposal
• Make certain that the
lid is closed when
discarding materials.
• Never place sharps in
an overfilled container
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All sizes of sharps
containers have a
“recommended fill line”,
please follow
instructions/guidelines
FILL LINE
Do not overfill…!!!
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Red Sharps Containers (17 gal)
• Red Sharps
Containers (17 gal)
• Sharps Containers
Fill Line
Do not overfill…!!!
FILL LINE
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Regulated Medical Waste Bin
Place waste materials in RED BAG in container
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“Chain of Infection”
•Pathogen
•Reservoir
•Escape from Reservoir
•Transmission through Environment
•Portal of Entry
•Susceptible Host
•Infection Control = Break any link in chain
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Risk Factors for Infection
• Pathogenicity of
organism
• Dose
• Route of entry
(injection, contact
with mucous
membrane or open
wound)
• Host susceptibility
• Work practices
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HepB
HIV
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Protect Yourself:
Use Universal Precautions
These are recommended physical requirements,
procedural actions and precautions for safe work
with human/primate pathogenic materials or
microbes in healthcare, laboratory and other work
environments.
Because the potential for infectivity of any blood
and body fluids is unknown, universal precautions
should be adhered to for all specimens regardless
of evidence of infectious material.
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What to treat with
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
– Blood
– Cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid,
pericardial fluid, pleural fluid, semen, vaginal
secretions, breast milk, amniotic fluid,
– Any other visibly bloody body fluids/secretions
– Any unfixed tissue or organ, other than intact skin,
from a living or dead person
– Organ cultures and culture medium or other
solutions that may contain pathogenic agents
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Exposure Incident
• A specific incident of contact with potentially infectious
bodily fluid
• If there are no infiltrations of mucous membranes or
open skin surfaces, it is not considered an occupational
exposure
• Report all accidents involving blood or bodily fluids
• If you have an exposure incident –inmmediately wash
the exposed area with warm water and soap for 15
minutes.
• CONTACT HEALTH SERVICE @ 594-4235
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Disinfecting
To disinfect your
liquid waste, make
a 10% solution of
household bleach
in the liquid waste
and treat overnight
Next morning
discard in the lab
sink.
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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Gloves
Goggles
Lab Coats
Face Shields
Masks
Gowns
Caps
Shoe Covers
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PPE: Gloves
–Protect yourself: wear
gloves!
–Remember: Washing latex
gloves with plain soap,
chlorhexidine, or alcohol can
cause micropunctures.
Exposure to glutaraldehyde,
hydrogen peroxide, and
alcohol preparations may
weaken both latex and nitrile
gloves
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Common Sense Precautions
• Wash hands when gloves are
removed
• If needed, irrigate the eyes and
skin IMMEDIATELY for at least
15 minutes…!!!
• Do not bend, recap, or remove
contaminated needles
• As soon as you are finished using
sharps, immediately discard them
in a puncture resistant, leak-proof
container: SHARPS CONTAINER
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Summary
• OSHA is responsible for the BBP Standard
• Be aware of potential risks in the lab when
working with BBP’s
• Familiarize yourself and apply all safety
practices
• Apply all safety practices when disposing
biohazardous materials
• Protect yourself: always wear PPE (safety
glasses, gloves, lab coat)
• Take advantage of the Hepatitis Program
• Note: BBP training must be taken annually
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Perfect! Congratulations, you finished the
presentation and
now take a test, click on the link and follow
the instructions: http://www.proprofs.com/quizschool/story.php?title=bloodborne-pathogens_26
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