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BRUSH
STROKES
Absolutes
a noun
(a person, place, thing, or idea)
+
an “-ing” verb
(action word)
at the beginning of a sentence
- ears drooping
noun
+ “-ing” verb
Paws curling, back stretching, the dog yawned.
Head rising, body focused, the snake threatened the rat.
Appositive
a noun or noun phrase (a person, place, thing,
or idea)
that renames the noun before it (use an
article -a, an, the to be sure it is an
appositive phrase)
- a mixed Lab and Collie
noun
• The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table.
• The insect, a large cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen
table.
• The insect, a large cockroach with hairy legs, is crawling
across the kitchen table.
Participles (participating)
an -ing or -ed form of a verb (action word)
that may be followed by a phrase
- foaming at the mouth
 Carrying aVerb
heavy
pile of books, he caught his
+ ing
foot on a step.
 Arriving at the store, I found that it was closed.
 Washing and polishing the car, Frank developed
sore muscles.
 Smiling, she hugged the panting dog.
Prepositional Phrase
a phrase that begins with a
preposition (words that indicate location) and
ends with a noun (a person, place, thing, or idea)
- with her puppies
preposition
noun
The puppy is in the The puppy is on
the floor.
trashcan.
The puppy is beside
the phone.
Adjectives-out-of-Order
AOOO
placing adjectives (a word that describes a noun or
pronoun) after the noun; out-of-order
- parched and hungry
adjective
The cheese pizza,
hot and appetizing, The actor, costumed and
focused, delivered a
left us with desire. wonderful performance.
The tiger, hungry
and majestic,
devoured us with
his eyes.
Action Verbs
use strong action verbs (action words)
to go from passive voice to active voice delete the “BE” verbs (am, is, are, was, were)
- Use limp, skip, jump, roll, slide,
glide, fall, soar, collapse, bounce,
eject, scavenge, spin, rotate
The creepy long snake slithered through the tall grass.
The gravel road curled around the mountain.
An old rancher soared through the field on his tractor.
Core Sentence:
The puppy jumped on the pumpkin.