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•A Clause is a group of words that has a
subject and verb.
•An independent clause has a subject and
verb and can stand in its own.
•A subordinate clause has a subject and a
verb but cannot stand alone.
•Noun clauses perform the same functions in
sentences that nouns do.
•A noun clause can be a subject of a verb:
What Bob did shocked his friends.
•It can be an object of a verb:
Bob’s friends didn’t know that he couldn’t read.
•It can be a subject complement:
Bob’s mistake was that he refused to drink milk.
•It can be an object of a preposition:
May is not responsible for what Bob did.
•A noun clause (but not a noun) can be an adjective
complement:
Everybody is sad that Bob drowned.
•You can combine two independent clauses by
changing one of the sentences into a noun clause.
•To change a statement to a noun clause use that:
I know + Billy made a mistake = I know that Billy made a mistake.
•To change a yes/no question to a noun clause, use
if or whether:
George wonders + Does Fred know how to cook? = George wonders if Fred
knows how to cook.
•To change a wh-question to a noun clause, use the
wh-word:
I don’t know + Where is George? = I don’t know where George is
•An adjective clause is a subordinate clause
that modifies a noun or pronoun.
•Mostly they start with the 5 relative
pronouns: that, which, whom, who, or
whose.
•They answer the questions “What kind?” or
“Which one?”
•They visited the memorial that remembers
Holocaust victims.
•The British stamp, which depicts Queen
Victoria, will be sold at auction.
•The man who opened the door is my
brother-in-law.
•Marcia is the student whom we chose to
represent us in the debate.
•2 sentences can be combined into one
sentence by changing one of the
sentences into a adjective clause.
•This is useful when the information is in
the two sentences are closely related.
•Separated: Israel is a small country in
southwestern Asia. Israel is made up of
the Coastal Plain, the Judeo-Galilean
Highlands, the Rift Valley, and the Negev
Desert.
•Joined: Israel, which is made up of the
Coastal Plain, the Judeo-Galilean
Highlands, the Rift Valley, and the Negev
Desert, is a small country in
southwestern Asia.
•An adverb clause is a subordinate clause
that modifies verbs, adjectives, and
adverbs.
•It answers the questions “Where?”
“When?” “In what manner?” “To what
extent?” “Under what condition?” or “Why”.
•It begins with a subordinating conjunction.
•If an adverb clause begins a sentence a
comma is used.
•Jerusalem is interesting because
it is home to several diverse
religions.
•When she reached the station,
Marie phoned.
•In an elliptical adverb clause, the
verb or subject is understood rather
than stated.
•Many elliptical adverb clauses are
introduced by one of the
subordinating conjunctions, as or
than.
•My brother can eat as much
as I (can eat).
•I liked this book more than (I
liked) that one.
All content of this PowerPoint was
from: The Prentice Hall Writing and
Grammar Silver Level pgs. 312-317
copyrighted 2003 by Pearson
Education Inc. and
http://faculty.deanza.edu/flemingjohn
/stories/storyReader$23.