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World Religions
Southwest to Southeast
Asia
Southwest Asia
Judaism
Judaism
• This is the religion
of the Jews. Belief
in one God
(monotheistic) and
began in the area
called Palestine
(modern dayIsrael).
Origins
• The origins of the
Jewish faith begin with
a covenant between
Abraham and God, that
through Abraham his
descendents (Isaac via
Sarah) would be God’s
chosen people.
Books
• The Hebrew Bible consist of three
parts: Torah (teaching), Nev’im(the
prophets), and Ketuvim (the writings).
• The Torah represents five books of
Moses; words of God as revealed
through Moses on Mount Sinai 3,000
years ago.
Torah Continued
• The Torah
contains 613
commandments
on how Jews can
live a good and
pious life.
Additional Facts
• The four predominate types /
sects / denominations for this
religion are:
• Chasidic
• Orthodox
• Reformed
• Conservative
Christianity
Christianity
• Religious belief
that focuses on
Jesus as the
Messiah and son of
God; his life and
teachings are told
in the four gospels
of the Christian
Bible.
The Bible
• The Christian Bible is
made up of 66 books,
those of the Jewish Bible
(old testament), the
Gospels (first four books
of new testament), and the
teachings of the apostles.
Christian Sects
• Protestantism
• Group that arose
out of Martin
Luther’s protest of
Papal corruption
and the need for
church reform.
• Catholicism
• The largest single
Christian body, composed
of those Christians who
acknowledge the supreme
authority of the bishop of
Rome, the pope, in matters
of faith.
Islam
Islam Origins
• The foundations of Islam
are rooted in the belief that
in 610 the archangel
Gabriel appeared to the
Prophet Muhammad and
Allah’s instructions for
humanity were revealed,
and were recorded in the
Qur’an.
Islam Meaning
• The word Islam means “surrender” or
“submission,” submission to the will of
Allah, the one God.
• Muslims are those who have submitted
themselves.
• The basic creed of Islam is brief: There
is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is
the Prophet of Allah.
The Qur’an
• Muslims believe that
the Qur’an completes
the sacred writings of
the Jews and
Christians, but is on a
higher level because it
contains Allah’s actual
words.
Five Pillars
Five Pillars of Islam are:
1. Profession of Faith (the Shahadah)
2. The second duty is that of five daily
prayers (Muslims are required to face the
direction of the Ka’ba in Mecca)
– The first prayer is offered before sunrise, the
second in the very early afternoon, the third
in the late afternoon, the fourth immediately
after sunset, and the fifth before retiring and
before midnight
Five Pillars Continue
3. Almsgiving (Giving of gifts to the
poor or needy)
4. Fasting during the month of
Ramadan (From sunrise to
sundown).
5. Hajj (Pilgrimage to the holy city of
Mecca)
Ka’ba
the Center of Muslim Prayer
• Muslims believe that
Allah commanded
Abraham and Ishmael
to build the Ka’ba
4,000 years ago and
that it represents the
original site of a
sanctuary established
by Adam. It is the focal
point of Muslim prayer.
Islamic Sects Origins
• Sunni Muslims
• Shiite (Shi’a) Muslims
• Believe Muslim leader • Followers of Islam who
should be an elected
believe Muslim leader
caliphate.
should be descend from
• 90% of Muslims are of
Muhammad’s family.
this type.
• Today follow Iman
• Today follow basic
(political and religious
Islam
leaders)
This dispute arose when Muhammad died
without leaving a successor.