Download terrorists - Bakersfield College

ISLAMIC EXTREMISM &
INTERNATIONAL
TERRORISM
Mostly “Borrowed” from
JTTF - FBI - SAN FRANCISCO
via ILEETA
INSTRUCTIONAL GOALS
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Upon completion of this block of instruction:
1. Students will possess a basic understanding
of the Islamic faith.
2. Students will understand how the dynamics
of Islam effect all aspects of International
Terrorism today.
UNDERSTANDING ARABIC
CULTURE
ARABIC TERMS - discussed in
this session
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Jahilia
Barakat - Barakate
Jamaat E Tableigh
Mahdi
Ahl El Beit
Sahaba
Ansar
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Shi’a
Sunni
Wahabi
Muslim Brotherhood
Mosque - Masjid
Mohammed
Ali
Abu Bakr
Understanding a Culture
To understand a culture, we must first
understand the beliefs and values of the
people.
Remember - One of every six people on
this planet is a Muslim!
CORRECT PRONUNCIATION
 Muslim - “long S & U sound - not a Z
sound” Muslim not Muzlim
 Islam - the same - Islam not Izlam
 Mosque - better word is Masjid or Janeh
Islam
In the name of God, the Compassionate
Islam 101
 Religion of more than 1.6 billion people
 Not violent, but does not separate church
and state.
Islam 101
(continued)
 TAHWID—emphasizes
monotheism
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“Oneness of God”
Unity of God
Islam 101
(continued)
 Islam—“submission” is the religion
 Muslim—a person who submits to God’s
will
Islam 101
(continued)
 Like Western religions—
BASED ON
REVELATION
ERA BEFORE MOHAMMAD
 Paganism - Tribalism
 “Jahilia” or “al Jahilyya” - defined as the
period of ignorance in the years before the
Prophet Mohammed
 Incredible cruelty toward female newborns
 Other abominations
ISLAM - THE ORIGIN
MECCA
 The Prophet Mohammad was born in 570 AD Mecca in Saudi Arabia.
 In 610 AD, Mohammad received the first verses
(God/Allah’s message) now contained in the
Koran or Qu’ran from the angel Gabriel.
 Over the course of the following 22 years
Mohammad received further revelations.
 Mohammad died in 632 AD.
 Muhammad received the verses in Arabic.
Islam 102
 Mohammed (570–632)
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God’s final messenger
Gabriel reveals God’s will in
visions
ISLAM - THE ORIGIN
MEDINA
 Mohammad and his followers were forced
to flee to Medina
 Mohammad continued to receive the Arabic
verses
 However, beginning in Medina the tenor of
the Koran takes on a more
Jihadic/warlike/adversarial tone toward the
enemies of Islam - Jews and Christians
Islam 102
(continued)
 Mohammed—hijra to Mecca in 622
Islam 102
(continued)
 Mohammed fought Meccans at
Badr in 624
 In another battle, the Battle of the
Trench, a Jewish tribe changed
sides
 Mohammed conquered Mecca in
630 and spared its population
 Mohammed died in 632
ISLAM - HISTORY
 Second only to the Koran is the Sunnah or
Ahadith
 Composed of Hadiths - Islamic accounts
into Mohammad's life
 Provides Muslims with a window into
Mohammad's life
Division of Islam
 The Companions
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Abu Bakr
Umar
Uthman
 Ali
The Birth of the Shi`ite
Movement
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Ali ibn Talib
Rushidin v. Ali
Civil War
Assassination of Ali
Shi`ites Begin to Form
 Yemen
 The Ismailis
 The Twelvers
Karbala
 Ibn Ali Hussein
 12er Shi`ites
 Hidden imam
Institutionalization of Islam,
632–680
 Qur`an codified—114 surahs arranged by
length
 dar al Islam (House of Islam)
 dar al Harb (House of War)
Institutionalization of Islam
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(continued)
Scholars explain the Koran
Sunnah (becomes Sunni or orthodox)
Hadith
Sharia—Islamic law
Fiq—interpretations of Islamic
law
SCHISM IN ISLAM
 Shi’a Muslims vs Sunni Muslims
 Shi’a Muslims or Shiites are followers of
Mohammad's cousin/son-in-law Ali.
 Sunni Muslims follow the teachings of Abu
Bakr, who died in 634.
 Ali’s sons, Husain and Hassan were killed
by Sunni forces in Karbala, Iraq in 680.
SUNNI SUB-SECTS
 Wahabi - Saudi Arabia - Usama bin Laden
is a Wahabi Muslim
 Mahadi - Sudan; Libya; Algeria
 Hanafi - Pakistan
 Hanbali - Pakistan
WAHABI SUNNI
 Traditionalists/Conservative - many terrorists
evolve from this sect
 Anything outside Koran is unacceptable.
 Wahabi Sunnis control the Koran - UBL
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Saudi Arabia is populated primarily by Wahabi Sunni.
 Jesus, to a Wahabi, is a general who will someday
come and lead them against the infidels.
 Christians have elevated Jesus to a god - Muslims
believe him to be a prophet.
SHIA’S/SHIITES
 Also believe strongly in the tenets of Islam
 More spin room - believe in the ability of
the Imams to interpret the Koran
 More gray areas within the teachings of the
Koran than that which the Sunnis believe
 Less stringent - more interpretation
 The Koran says what the clerics say it says.
Arabic Values
 A person’s dignity, honor and reputation are
of paramount importance.
 It is important to behave at all times in a
way which will create a good impression.
 Loyalty to one’s family takes precedence
over personal needs, but not when it comes
to Islam, the religion and the tasking.
Arabic Beliefs
 All things in life are controlled by God.
 Children are the “jewels” of the family.
 Wisdom increases with knowledge of
Koran.
 Inherent roles/tasking and responsibilities of
men and women are vastly different.
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In the Koran, men are tasked to teach daughters to
swim, ride a horse and handle a weapon. Women take
care of the next generation of soldier.
Understanding Arabic Culture
 An Arab is a person who speaks Arabic or
who otherwise identifies with the culture
and history of the Arab people.
 Arabic culture and the Islamic faith are
inseparable.
 Islam is the most dominating, single
influence in the Arab world , the second
largest religion, and the world’s fastest
growing religion.
THE ARAB MIND
 Formulated by:
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Language
Geography
Food & lack of water
Attire
Customs and traditions
Family and tribal affiliation
Islam
ISLAM
THE FIVE PILLARS
 1. Testimony/confession or “shahadah” - recited once
daily and is the belief in the oneness of God and that
Muhammad is his prophet
 2. Prayer or “salat” - 5 times a day and must face east
toward Mecca, Saudi Arabia
 3. Charity or “zakat” - giving of alms. 2.5% of assets
 4. Fasting or “sawm” - Behavior during the Islamic holy
month of Ramadan Ninth month of the lunar calender,
usually November
 5. Pilgrimage or “haj/hajj/hadj” - all Muslims must
travel to Mecca once in their lives
MUSLIM NATION - 1.6 billion
Muslims worldwide
 ARAB SUNNIS
 80 % - Saudi Arabia majority
 Sunnis - 1 billion - 9 in 10
 NON-ARAB
SUNNIS/AJAMI
 Turkey, Pakistan,
Afghanistan, other stans,
Indonesia - huge
population
 ARAB SHI’A/SHIITES
 20% of Muslim
population
 Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi
Arabia
 Shi’as - 170 million
 NON-ARAB SHIITES
 Iran, Afghanistan
 Sufi Muslims - 240
million
MUSLIM BREAKDOWN WORLDWIDE
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CIA Factbook lists 234 nations
Of these, Islam is the majority religion in 48
Islam is a significant minority religion in 26
Therefore, Islam is a powerful presence in
one third of the countries in the world
 6 million Muslims in the USA
The Islamic World
21 COUNTRIES COMPOSE
THE “ARAB WORLD”
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Mauritania
Morocco
Algeria
Tunisia
Libya
Egypt
Sudan
Dijbouti
Somalia
Palestine
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Lebanon
Jordan
Syria
Iraq
Kuwait
Bahrain
Qatar
UAE
Oman
Yemen
Saudi Arabia
North Africa
MIDDLE EAST
 This refers to a larger area which includes
Israel - Turkey - Iran - Afghanistan Pakistan.
 These are not “Arab “ countries.
What Is the Middle East?
 The Middle East is not really a
region; it is a geographical
concept
Alfred Thayer Mahan, USN
The Middle East
Turkey
Iran/Persia
Central Asia
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Southeast Asia, Including
Indonesia
Militancy Emerges
The Basis of Militant Theology
Three Sources of the
Jihadist Movement
 Questions of Palestine/Israel
 Future of revolutionary Islam
 Who will rule dar al Islam—the Caliphate?
Complaints With U.S. Policy
 Two eyes, two policies, - or - Israel gets a
pass
 U.S. policies exploitive in nature, interested
only in oil
 Foreign troops stationed near Mecca and
other locations in the Middle East
 U.S. supports puppet governments and
regimes throughout the region
Palestine/Israel Question
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19th-century Zionism
European immigration
Jewish understandings
Arab understandings
PROFILE OF THE FUNDAMENTALIST
COMBATANT
 Islam united all Muslims and combined:
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Ideology
Law
Organizational structure
Family and region
Theology
 Under the banner of globalization of Islam.
PROFILE OF THE FUNDAMENTALIST
COMBATANT
 Age 8 the combatant begins to read and
learn the Koran and the place of women
 Age 12 he reads the Koran several hours per
day - father indoctrinates him into the faith
 Age 18 he has memorized the entire Koran
 After age 18 - he comes to USA - a member
of the Islamic Brotherhood
PARAMILITARY MINDSET
 Fundamentalist/extremists interpretation of
the Koran:
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General operational plans
Operational goals
Organizational structure
Sharia (legal) justification for all deadly actions
PARAMILITARY MINDSET
 Typical extremist:
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Attends a Friday sermon at a Masjid
Recruited by Jamaat E Tableigh
Travels to Pakistan-indoctrinated into extremist
views
Travels to Afghanistan to receive military and
paramilitary training
Prepares for his Jihad and his TASKING
JIHAD
 Basic Definition:
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Act in a paramilitary or military fashion against
the enemies of Islam, foreign or domestic, and
if dying in the process, the combatant will
ascend to heaven with all his sins forgiven.
 Islamic/Muslim Brotherhood (MB)
 Family obligations
MAJOR BELIEF OF ALL
MUSLIMS
 MAHDI - will come before Jesus to liberate
Lebanon, Syria, Iraq in route to Saudi
Arabia. 2 million man army and await
Jesus
 MAHDI is described in a Hadeth; tall, thin,
bearded with angular features, large
forehead, olive color and pointy nose - who
will come out from deep hiding - sound
familiar ?
USAMA BIN LADEN
 Wahabi Sunni Muslim
 Born in Yemen - raised in Saudi Arabia
 Followed the teachings of two radical,
fundamental Saudi clerics:
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Ben Outheimeen
Ben Baz
Every major Intl. Terrorist subject will have
studied under these two men - both died last
year.
They believe that Jihad is to kill Christians.
FEMALES IN ISLAM
 Great debate on this topic.
 Orthodox Muslims argue that women gain
true freedom in Islam.
 Critics argue that women are in bondage in
Islam; Mohammad was a chauvinist and
pedophile
 In many chapters in the Koran women are
referred to as equals; but in many others
they are not
FEMALES IN ISLAM
 Women come of age at 14 - stated in the
Koran.
 A man will always look at a female after
age 14 in a sexual nature, according to
Koran.
 Mothers are the exception.
 Thus the burqas
MAINSTREAM MUSLIMS
 Mainstream Muslims
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Totally disagree with extremist’s philosophy
All people of the world are Muslims
Non-Muslims are simply “lost”
Believe that non-Muslims will “flock back to
Islam” Surah Al-Fatah - spoken to once
Historically, mainstream Muslims have been
the silent weak majority of Islam
Vulnerable to teachings of extremists
FUNDAMENTALISTS/EXTREMISTS
 Use scripture in the Koran to justify terror
campaign
 Use the Koran to serve their political views
 Rely on Sharia Law
 Ben Outhiemeen & Ben Baz
 Typically not vulnerable to the
mainstream-Shi’a ideology
The Modern Jihadist Movement
FUNDAMENTALIST MOSQUE
STRUCTURE
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1. Cleric/Sheik-highest religious authority
2. Imam-not a constant position
3. Theologist/Oulamaa-interpret the Sharia
4. Politicos-PR representatives
5. Financiers-show me the money!!!!
6. Paramilitary
7. Non-Government Organizations (NGOs)
TERRORIST GROUP &
CELL STRUCTURE
 Muslim Brotherhood - all terrorists will
belong to the MB
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Large pool of recruits for NGOs
• NGO-Jamaat E Tableigh; Jamaat Egatha; Jamaat
Dawa; Lashkar E Taibe
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Loosely connected - command and control
No real identified leader or figurehead
Koran and the strict guidelines guide the
terrorist activities of the MB
CELL STRUCTURE
aka’s used
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1. Al Awlani - the leader
2. Al Jare - Currier; Infantryman
3. Al Kannas - Sniper/killer with one shot
4. Al Mukabir Communications/Intelligence
 5. Al Hakeem - Medic/doctor
ASSET RECRUITMENT
 Identification
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examine last name for:
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country of origin
brotherhood affiliation
tribal affiliation
sect affiliation
ASSET RECRUITMENT
cont.
 Other identification considerations
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family
job
motivation
finances
criminal history
VIOLENT TRUE BELIEVERS
(VTB)
 Motivated by deeply held beliefs that are
rigid and completely justified in his eyes
 Beliefs based solely on religion - Islam
 He will believe that he is an agent of his
god.
 His killing/terroristics acts are sanctioned
by his god.
 Quite certain of his destiny
THE VTB
 He has memorized the Koran from cover to cover.
 Especially passages and phrases that justify his
suicidal/homicidal intent
 He will ignore any passages that are contradictory
to his beliefs.
 His tightly held rationalizations are not open to
debate or questioning.
 Critical thinking is forbidden - absolute belief in
righteousness of his cause.
VTBs
 Will not respect females (GITMO example)
 Al-Qaeda Training Manual, 17th lesson
teaches the VTB to expect “psychological
warfare and intellectual combat.”
 Harsh words and torture are also expected.
 Manual, “the room is ordinary, containing
one or more desks, chairs and torture
devices as needed”
VTBs
 Manual - directs the “brother” to memorize
the appearance of the interrogation building
and the officers.
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Concentrate on the route and try to memorize
signs in order to benefit future operations and
plan development.
Always count step, measure distances from cell
to interrogation room
(They are always collecting intel.)
VTBs
 “Cognitive dissonance”
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Behaving in ways quite different from that
which the VTB expects from his manual
May confuse and disorient him
Will exert pressure on the VTB
Asking to see a medical examiner and that
evidence of the torture be entered in any official
report. - - Stall - - classic
Manual familiarity
VTBs
 Establish rapport? Pros and cons.
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Gitmo experiences
Smile
Listen carefully
Find something in common
Mirror the interviewee
VTBs and MUSLIMS IN
GENERAL
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Avoid interview blunders
• Soles of shoes considered great insult
• Cold and unfriendly demeanor
considered an insult
• Showing impatience - watch, tapping
fingers
• Disrespect Islam and argue religion
• Interviewing the female
VTBs - INTERVIEW
TECHNIQUES
 Patience and flexibility
 Conducted in 2 to 3 hour time increments
over several days
 Do not be predictable - change times.
 Stare down if necessary.
 Key to interviewing VTB is to get him to
talk about anything - Islam.
 With these folks it is all about Islam/Israel.
VTBs/SUNNI/WAHABI
 Ask the VTB/Sunni, “Are you Muslim?”
 If he answers “yes, and thank God” and
places his hand on his chest, he is very far
to the right,
 Likely a fundamentalist and very likely
an extremist - Where do you pray?
 Anywhere - alone - 5 times a day - attend
Mosque to stay within Islamic
community
INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES
 3rd pillar of Islam can be important in
interviewing VTB - Charity/”Zakat”.
 Interviewee is allowed by the Koran to tell
you, if asked, how and where he contributed
money to the cause.
 Use Islam against him - show him his
actions have “hurt” Islam.
 His honor lies in defeating you during
interview.
TECHNIQUES
 Small talk about family with a VTB Muslim
will be superfluous.
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A martyr will have already tended to his family
as directed by the Koran.
He will have made arrangements to provide
money for his family for 2 years and to provide
a residence for 2 years.
VTB COUNTERMEASURES
(taught during Al Qaeda training)
 Reveal some secrets
 Ask to see doctor
 Ask that evidence of
torture be entered in
record
 Raise one voice, curse
the interrogator
 Be patient, resistant,
silent and prayerful
 Proudly take a firm and
opposing stance
 Overreact to pain
 Pretend to be naïve and
ignorant
 Take advantage of visits to
communicate with
brothers outside prison
 Shout slogans from prison
 Be steadfast
COUNTERMEASURES
 The most common countermeasure appears
to be a cover story that the individual’s
behaviors and/or travels are only to teach or
study Islam.
NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS
 Jamaat E Tableigh - “the group that
reforms”
 Jamaat Dawa - “the group that calls
someone to their cause”
 Jamaat Eghatha - “the group that assists and
rescues”
 Lashkar E Taibe - specific to Pakistan similar to above
OTHER CRITICAL TERMS
 1. “Bayaat” allegiance to
 2. “Barakat” Blessings
 3. “Barakate”
reference to UBL at
Gitmo
 4. “Ahl El Beit” - The
Core, trace their
descent to Mohammed
 5. “Sahaba” - The
trusted company,
lesser that Ahl El Beit
 6. “Al Ansar” - The
supporters, mostly
Sunni, non-Arabs
SUMMARY
 Islam was created beginning in 610 AD.
The values, attitudes and beliefs demanded
by Islam, then and now, continue to be the
foundation for all that is occurring with
regard to terroristic acts.
 A terrorist views himself as a loyal soldier
for Allah.
 He will never give up in his attempt to
install Islamic values worldwide.
Key Points
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Jihadists adhere to an extreme version of Islam
Jihadists are divided
Terrorism in the Middle East has multiple sources
The primary struggle within Islam is over which
religious interpretation will prevail
Large groups, such as HAMAS and Hezballah,
exist in the Middle East
Locally, small homegrown cells are more likely to
cause problems
The introduction of jihadist theology will disrupt
the Islamic community and cause dissention
Evidence of the dissention will be found under
“Warning Signs”
Warning Signs
Dissention in local mosques
Young men living in mosques
People establishing mosques in
their homes
Jihadists Are Not United
 Variety of theories and doctrines
 Strong disagreements
Questions