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Medical Chemistry
Medical Chemistry
Chemistry in its relation to pharmacy, physiology,
or any science connected with medicine.
Introduction
• Medical chemistry is based on
• General chemistry (physical chemistry)
• Inorganic chemistry, Organic chemistry,
Analytical chemistry
• It supports several basic medical disciplines, as
• medical biochemistry, physiology, pathophysiology,
pharmacology, etc.
Organization of the first semester I
Textbooks required
• General chemistry
Textbook: Mc Murry –Fay : Chemistry, 4th Edition
(Ebbing: General Chemistry, last Edition)
or other kinds of textbooks
• Organic chemistry
Textbook: P.Gergely: Organic and bioorganic
chemistry for medical students (3rd edition)
Recommended literature: P. Gergely: Organic and
McMurry, Fay: Chemistry
4th ed.
bioorganic chemistry 3rd
ed.
Organization of the first semester II
• Inorganic chemistry
Textbook: Experiments in medical chemistry
(Laboratory manual) edited by V. Nagy
• Analytical chemistry
Textbook: Experiments in medical chemistry
(Laboratory manual) edited by V. Nagy
Laboratory experiments in
medical chemistry
Written by
Attila Agócs, Zoltán Berente, Gergely Gulyás,
Péter Jakus, Tamás Lóránd, Veronika Nagy,
Erika Radó-Turcsi, Anikó Takátsy
Laboratory experiments in
medical chemistry
ed. Veronika Nagy
Available only on internet!
Edited by
Veronika Nagy
University of Pécs
Department of Biochemistry and Medical
Chemistry
Syllabi are avaible at:
www.pote.hu → ETR → CooSpace → Medical Chemistry
or
www.pote.hu → Departments → Biochem. and Med. Chem.
→ Educational Materials → Medical Chemistry
Organization of the second semester
• Bioorganic chemistry
Textbook see above P. Gergely: Organic and
bioorganic chemistry for medical students (3rd
edition)
• Bioinorganic chemistry
Textbook: P. Gergely: Introduction to bioinorganic
chemistry (3rd, revised edition)
Practices I
Form: simple experiments performed by the students
themselves
and a few demonstrations (done by the staff)
Topics in the first semester
Basics of inorganic and general and analytical chemistry
Practices II
• Topics in the second semester
• Basics of complex chemistry, organic chemistry and
modern separation methods
Practices III
• Laboratory Safety
• Chemical laboratory is a hazardous place.
• The students are obliged to wear a lab coat and
approved safety glasses or goggles. These are to
provided by the students.
• Packbacks, coats and other belongings should be left
in the students’ locker or the cloakroom before
practices.
Practices IV
• Other rules will be discussed on the first meeting
with your practice leader.
Seminars
• Topics in the first semester.
• They cover the main parts of general and organic
chemistry
• Form: short revision of a chapter of general
chemistry + practicing chemical calculations
• revision of the essentials of organic chemistry
• (Calculation exercises, educational material on the
internet!)
Attendance
• Attendance at lectures
• Attendance at seminars and practices is obligatory.
• Criteria of accepted semester
Examination I
• First semester
Semester exam: written exam
Topics: cover general and inorganic and organic
chemistry
Examination II
Results of the academic year 2009-2010
/first semester
Total number of students:
230 persons (100%)
failed: 90 persons (39%)
passed: 108 persons (47%)
disappeared: 32 persons (14%)
Web site of the Biochemistry and Medical
Chemistry
http://aok.pte.hu/index.php?page=egyseg&egy
_id=20&nyelv=eng&menu=okt_anyag
Use the material under
Medical Chemistry 2010/2011
Educational materials, as sample tests, lectures, etc. are
available here.
Criterion Discipline: General Chemistry I
Time frame: 2 hours / week, 28 hours / semester
Subject
of
General
chemistry:
calculation
exercises
Requirements: the students are obliged to write
two midterm test papers on the 6th and 13th weeks.
Criterion Discipline: General Chemistry II
On these test 2x8, i.e. 16 points can be gathered, which
is counted into the final mark of Medical Chemistry.
One should reach at least the 30% (5 points) on
the two test altogether and should participate on the
75% of the classes.
To fulfil the requirements of General Chemistry
is a prerequisite for the valid semester in Medical
Chemistry.
What is the subject of chemistry?
Chemistry is a branch of science discussing the matter,
dealing with its composition, structure, behaviour, in
addition with its chemical reactions.
Short History of Chemistry I
• Practical arts (Egypt and Mesopotamia, to 600 BC)
• manufacturing of perfumes
• smelting of metals
• manufacturing of drugs
• brewing (preparation of beer)
Short History of Chemistry II
• Greek period (600 BC-300 BC)
• Developing the idea of atom
• The concept of the four elements: earth, air, fire,
water
Short History of Chemistry III
• Alchemy, Alexandrian and the Muslim world (300 BC
to 1650 AD )
• Invention of processes as distillation, sublimation,
crystallization, oxidation
• Discovery of several elements
• Concepts as acid-base and alkali originated from the
Arabic word ‘al-kili’
• Industrial chemistry: production of paper
Short History of Chemistry IV
• Iatrochemistry - chemical discipline connected to
medicine. Paracelsus: „The true use of chemistry is
not to make gold but to prepare medicines.”
„Mercury unites with sulphur”
Short History of Chemistry V
• Phlogiston theory
• The chemists tried to explain different phenomena as
burning, rusting and metabolism on a common base.
• Theory: the combustible objects contain a fire-like
element, phlogiston, it is liberated during
combustion.
Short History of Chemistry VI
• Modern chemistry, Antoine Lavoisier, the
father of the modern chemistry
• Laws of chemistry
• Chemical nomenclature and pioneer in
stoichiometry, etc.
A. Lavoisier
Importance of chemistry for medical
students I
• General chemistry
• Basic principles and facts used by biology,
physiology, etc
• E.g.: term of pH - importance of pH regarding the
body fluids, enzymatic performance, etc.
Importance of chemistry for medical
students II
• E. g. Distribution law of Nernst – absorption of lipid
soluble drugs, mechanism of action of anaesthetics,
etc.
• E. g. Intermolecular forces - mechanism of action of
some medicines
• protein binding of medicines
Organic and bioorganic chemistry I
• E. g. Hydroxylation of aromatic compoundsmetabolism and changes in renal excretion
• E. g. Similarity of molecule structure – similarity of
pharmacological action
• E. g. Cis-trans isomerism of substances – varying
toxicity of cis-trans isomeric compounds
Organic and bioorganic chemistry II
• E.g. acetylene groups (triple bond)- role in drugs (in
steroid contraceptive agents)
• E.g. reaction of thiols with heavy metals –toxicity of
heavy metals (possible targets: thiol enzymes)