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Indo-Europeans Migrate
 Indo-Europeans were
seminomadic people who came
from a dry grassland called the
steppe.
 Herded sheep goat and cattle.
 Historians can tell where these
people settles by the language
they spoke.
Indo-Euuropean Origins
Unexpected Migration
 Migration is the movement of
people from one region to
another.
 Lands where animals grazed
may have dried up.
 Human or animal population got
too large to feed.
 Escaping invaders.
Hittites Build an Empire
Hitties were Indo-Europeans
who occupied Anatolia.
 Rich resources-Timber/minerals
 Hittite city-states come together
and form an empire.
 Conquer Babylon, but struggle
for control of northern Syria.

Hittite Empire
Hittite Technology/Adaption
Borrowed ideas such as
government, art, law, politics,
and language from the
Babylonian.
 Hittite chariots are light and
easy to manuver.
 First in the region to smelt iron.

Chariots
Iron Weapons
Fall of the Hittites/Rise of Aryans
 Hittites fall to a wave of
invaders from the north in 1190
B.C.
 Aryans were Indo-Europeans
entered the Indus Valley around
1500 B.C.
 What we know about them
comes from their literature.
Map of Aryan Invasion Into India
Aryans Sacred Literature
Caste System Develops
 Aryans were different in many
ways to those already living in
this region.
 Aryans were divided into three
social classes. Determine your
role.
 Closer contacts with nonAryans.
Caste Syste
Caste System Concluded
Born into your caste for life.
 Fourth class- Non-Aryans.
 Skin color was the distinguishing
feature of this system.
 Ritual purity.
 Untouchables-Outside the
Caste.

Aryan Kingdom Arises
 Aryans extend their power
eastward.
 Chiefs were elected by tribes
in the beginning, but minor
kings set up territorial
kingdoms.
 Magadha emerges as the
major kingdom. Move south.
Aryan Kingdoms
Mahabharata
Reflects the Aryans struggles
into Southern India.
 At 106,000 verses, it is the
longest single poem in the
world.
 Violence and confusion leads
many to speculate about people
and gods in the world.

Rise of Hinduism in India
 As Aryans and non-Aranys
intermingled, beliefs blended.
 People began to question
themselves and the world.
 This mixture produced
Hinduism.
 The religion has no founder.
Origins and Beliefs of Hinduism
Hinduism is a collection of
beliefs that developed over a
long period of time.
 Upanishads are written dialog
between teacher and student.
 Moksha or a state of perfect
understanding of all things.

Hinduism Concluded
 Believe in reincarnation or
rebirth.
 Karma- good or bad deedsfollows you from one life to the
next. Strengthens Caste
System.
 Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
 Choice.
The World's Soul and its
Personalities
Jainism
Believed everything has a soul
and should not be harmed.
 Founded by Mahavira.
 Work in trade and commerce.
 Have not sent out missionaries.

Jian Monks
Buddhism
Siddharata Gautama is the
founder of Buddhism.
 Leaves home at age twentynine to seek enlightenment or
wisdom.
 Achieves an understanding of
the cause of pain and suffering.

Siddharata Gautama- Buddha
Buddhist Beliefs
 To achieve enlightenment one
must follow the Four Noble
Truths and master the Eight
Fold Path.
 Goal was to be released from
selfishness and pain- nirvana.
 Rejects Caste system.
 Hinduism similarities.
Buddhist Way to Enlightenment
Buddhist Community
Three Jewels- Buddhist, non
Buddhist, and the Buddha.
 Reluctantly admitted woman
to the religious order.
 Monks and nuns live life of
poverty. Spread their beliefs.
 Places of learning develop.

Sacred Literature of Buddhism
Buddhism Concluded
Message is spread by
missionaries throughout
Southeast Asia.
 Traders play bigger role in
spreading the Buddha's
message.
 Does not spread throughout
India.

Minoans
Seafaring people who lived on
the island of Create.
 Capital of Knossos.
 Civilization is named after King
Minos.
 Athletic people who loved
nature.

Map of Minoan Civilization
Minotaur
Minoan's Concluded
Great Mother Earth Goddess
was worshiped.
 Bull- leaping.
 Natural disasters of 1470 B.C.
brought this civilization to an
end.

Phoenicians
Sea faring traders from the area
of present day Lebanon.
 Great shipbuilders and
seafarers.
 Never created an empire.
 City-states were about thirty
miles apart from one another.

Phoenician City-States
Phoenicians Concluded
Developed a writing system that
used symbols to represent
sounds.
 Modern alphabet.
 Eastern city-states captured by
the Assyrians, Babylonians, and
the Persians.

Phoenician Alphabet
Judaism Beginnings
The Area of Palestine called
Canaan was home to the
Hebrews. Jews.
 The Philistines were the other
people in this area.
 Canaan was the land God had
promised to the Hebrew people.

Map of Canaan/Palestine
Judaism Continued
 The Hebrews early history is
found in the first five books of
the Hebrew Bible-Torah.
 God chose Abraham to be the
father of the Hebrews.
 Lives in Ur, but is commanded
to go to Canaan.
 Egypt.
God of Abraham
The Hebrew God is called
Yahweh.
 Believed in one and only one
God.
 Yahweh promise to protect the
Hebrews if they obeyed him.
 Covenant or agreement.

Let My People Go
Hebrews go to Egypt because
of drought and famine.
 Are enslaved.
 Moses frees the Hebrews.
 Delivers Ten Commandments.
 Second Covenant or
agreement.

Moses
Land and People of the Bible
After the death of Moses,
Hebrews return to Canaan.
 Become stable.
 Organized into twelve tribes
and united in times of trouble.
 God raised judges to unite the
tribes in times of trouble

Deborah
Hebrew Law
Hebrew woman's duty was to
raise her children.
 Ten Commandments regulated
social and religious behavior.
 Laws interpreted by
messengers-prophets.
 Ethical monotheism.

Kingdom of Israel
Hebrews expand north and
south.
 Judah only tribe that remainsJews.
 Unite under three kings.
 Kingdom would be called Israel.

Three Kings
Saul drives the Philistines out of
the central hills of Palestine.
 David unites the tribes,
established Jerusalem as the
capital, starts a dynasty.
 Solomon Most powerful of all
the kings. Builds great temple..

Saul, David, and Solomon
Kingdom Divides
Kingdom splits after the death
Solomon.
 High taxes and forced labor.
 Jews in the northern part of
the kingdom revolt. Becomes
Judah.

Kingdom Conquest
 Northern kingdom of Israel
falls to the Assyrians.
 Southern kingdom of Judah
falls to the Babylonians under
Nebuchadnezzar.
 Persians conquer the
Babylonians.
 Rebuild the Temple.