Download Earthquakes

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Earthquakes
Forces in the Earth’s Crust
Use pages 162-168 to answer the following questions.
Forces in Earth’s Crust (p. 162-168)
1. What is the force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume?
2. The amount of space a rock takes up is its ___________________
3. What are the three types of stress that occur in Earth’s crust?
a.
b.
c.
4. Complete the cause-events-effect chart to show how the different types of
stress change the shape and volume of the rock.
Cause
Event
Effect
Tension
c.
e.
a.
d.
Rock folds or breaks
b.
Pushes rock in two
different directions
f.
5. A break in the Earth’s crust is called what?
6. What is the difference between a hanging wall and a footwall?
Use the diagrams below to answer questions 7-9
7. Diagram A
a. Type of Fault _______________
b. Type of Stress_______________
c. Type of Movement_______________
Diagram A
8. Diagram B
a. Type of Fault _______________
b. Type of Stress_______________
c. Type of Movement_______________
Diagram B
9. Diagram C
a. Type of Fault _______________
b. Type of Stress_______________
c. Type of Movement_______________
Diagram C
Match the landform with the type of fault or faults found there
Landform
Type of Fault
_____ 10. San Andreas Fault
a. reverse fault
_____ 11. Rio Grande Rift Valley
b. strike-slip fault
_____ 12. Rocky Mountains
c. normal fault
Match the term with its definition
Term
___13. anticline
___ 14. syncline
___15. folded mountains
a. Fold in rock that bends upwards
b. Parallel ridges and valleys
c. Fold in rock that bends downwards
Page 2 of 6
Use pages 169-175 to answer the following questions.
Earthquakes & Seismic Waves (p. 169)
1. The point at which a rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake is
called the ________________
2. The point on the surface directly above the focus is the _______________
Types of Seismic Waves (pp.170-171)
3. What are seismic waves?
4. Seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake ______________ from the
focus in ___________ directions
5. Surface waves move more ___________ than P Waves or S Waves.
6. Label each drawing as S Waves or P Waves
a. _____________________
Type of Wave
b. ____________________
Effect
_____ 7. P Wave
a. Shakes buildings from side to side
_____ 8. S Wave
b. Shakes buildings violently
_____ 9. Surface Wave
c. Causes buildings to contract & expand
Page 3 of 6
10. What is the name of the device that records the ground movements caused by
seismic waves?
11. Fill in the blanks in the table about the ways to measure earthquake strength
Method
Mercalli Scale
How it Measures Earthquake Strength
a.
Richter Scale
b.
c.
Amount of Energy released
Locating the Epicenter (174-175)
12. Geologists use circles to find the epicenter of an earthquake
a. What does the center of each circle represent?
b. What does the radius of each circle represent?
13. In what order do the three types of seismic waves arrive at a seismograph?
14. Which type of seismic wave produces the most severe ground movements?
15. How do geologists locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
16. A measurement of an earthquake’s strength is _________________
Page 4 of 6
Use pages 178-183 to answer the following questions.
Monitoring Earthquakes (178-181)
1. The seismograph readings are from two different earthquakes. Circle the
seismograph reading that shows an earthquake that was stronger or closer.
a.
b.
2. List the four instruments that geologists use to monitor movements along faults.
a. __________
b. __________
c. __________
d. __________
Match the type of monitoring device with its description
Monitoring Device
Description
____3. Creep meter
a. Uses a network of Earth orbiting Satellites
____ 4. Laser ranging device
b. Detects changes in distance to a Reflector
____ 5. Tiltmeter
c. Measures movement along a slip Strike fault
____6. GPS Satellite
d. Works like a carpenters level
Using Seismographic Data (182-183)
7. How do seismic waves behave when they encounter a fault?
8. How do the data from the movements of seismic waves help geologists
determine the earthquake risk for an area?
9. What is the name of the force that opposes the motion of one surface as it
moves across another surface
Page 5 of 6
Use pages 186-191 to answer the following questions.
Earthquake Risk (187)
1. What are the two factors that geologists take into account when they
determine earthquake risk?
2. The risk of earthquakes is highest in the United States along the
___________ coast.
3. What kinds of damage are caused by the severe shaking of an earthquake?
4. The process in which an earthquake’s violent shaking turns loose; soft soil into
liquid mud is called __________________. This process is likely to occur here
the soil is full of ______________.
5. An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area is
referred to as an _____________________.
6. What is the main danger to people during an earthquake?
Steps to Earthquake Safety (189)
7. How can earthquakes cause fire and flooding?
Designing Safer Buildings (190-191)
8. What can be done when a new home is being built to help prevent damage
caused by liquefaction?
9. How can tall furniture be prevented from tipping over in an earthquake?
Page 6 of 6