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Lesson 1 Earth’s Landforms
DO NOW- Write a paragraph using the words
below. You may not use your book. (Use at least 5
words) You may use your imaginations! What do you
think these words could mean when thinking about
ways that the earths surface could be changed?
landforms
plate tectonics
continental drift
fault
weathering
erosion
deposition
floodplain
delta
word splash
I was hiking in the Catskill Mountains one
day when a storm broke out. The rain
was coming down so fast and hard that
erosion began on the mountain side. I
wondered if this type of weathering is
what caused this beautiful landform to
have its shape. I think I read somewhere
that mountains were formed by the
movement of the Earth’s
Plates…something called plate tectonics.
After the rain stopped, the floodplains
were flooded so I had to go around
them.
Do Now:
Write the Essential Question
• EQ#1 : How do forces of the Earth
cause geographic changes?
• EQ #2: How do humans change
Earth and its environment?
Lesson Vocabulary
• Landforms
• Plate Tectonics
• Continental Drift
• Fault
• Delta
• Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition
• Floodplain
Lesson #1 Vocabulary
Landforms- the shapes of land that are
wrinkled, broken, warped and worn that make
studying the earth so interesting.
Lesson #1 Vocabulary
Plate Tectonics- the theory that Earth’s surface
is divided into several major, slow moving
plates.
Lesson #1 Vocabulary
Continental Drift- The movement of the
continental plates.
Lesson #1 Vocabulary
Fault- A crack in the Earth’s crust where a
huge mass of rock, such as a plate is in
motion.
Lesson #1 Vocabulary
Delta- A triangle shaped piece of land built
from soil deposited at the mouth of a river.
Lesson #1 Vocabulary
Weathering- The process of breaking down
rocks into smaller pieces through heat, water
wind or other means.
Lesson #1 Vocabulary
Erosion- The natural process of moving
sediment that helps shape Earth’s surface.
Lesson #1 Vocabulary
Deposition- The Process of dropping or
depositing sediment in a new location.
Lesson #1 Vocabulary
Floodplain- A landform of level ground made
up from sediment deposited by a river or
stream.
Geographic Changes
• Then, take a picture walk through
chapter 1, pages 19-25. Be sure to
read the headings and captions
under the pictures.
• Turn to page 20 in your textbook.
• Together we will listen to pages 20-23.
The Five Forces of Geographic
Change
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Plate Tectonics
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Weathering
Humans
Chapter 1 - Lesson 1- Guided notes
pages 20-26
• A. Earth’s Landforms
• How Landforms Came to Be.
• 1. The theory of plate tectonics states
•
•
that the Earth’s surface is made up of
several large slow moving slabs or plates.
2. Scientists believe that long ago all of
Earth’s land masses formed one huge
supercontinent known as Pangaea.
3. When continental plates move and drift
apart it is called continental drift.
• 4. Layers of Earth
• The outer layer is the crust.
• Beneath the crust is the Mantle. It
is composed of hot, rock-like
material.
• At the center of the Earth is a metal
core which is solid and called the
inner core.
• Surrounding the inner core is a
molten, or melted outer core.
• Extreme heat from the inner core
•
•
causes the mantle the create pressure
on the crust, forcing the crust to rise.
As it rises, it pushes large rocks upward
forming mountains and plateaus.
Mountains are formed when plates push
together and crumble and fold the
earths crust. Mountains are also formed
when two plates collide and one moves
up and over the other.
When these plates move and shake, they
may also cause earthquakes. These are
common along faults which are breaks in
the Earth’s crust where movement
occurs.
• Volcanoes Add Land
• Plates push against each other creating
•
•
cracks in the crust onto Earth’s mantle.
Heat within the mantle causes rock in
the lower plate to melt. This molten
(melted) rock is called magma.
The name for magma that has escaped
to the surface of the Earth is called
lava.
Agents of Weathering
• Wind
• Water
• Moving Ice
• Shaping Earth’s Surface
• There are several ways that the
Earth’s surface can change. One
of the ways is by weathering
which is the process of breaking
up rocks into smaller pieces
called sediment.
• Some examples of agents that
cause weathering are:
• Water – moving water tumbles rocks
against each other breaking them into
pieces. Ocean waves wash away sea
cliffs turning them into beach sand.
• Moving ice called glaciers grind the
land below wearing away anything
under it.
• Wind – Strong steady wind can grind
hard dessert rock.
• After weathering has broken down
rocks into sediment, erosion and
deposition move sediment to new
places.
Weathering Continued
• Erosion is the process of moving
sediment and Deposition is the process
of dropping, or depositing sediment in a
new location.
• People Change the Land
• People turn floodplains and deltas into
farming areas. People have chosen to
build cities on landforms. People have
also reshaped waterways and created
new ones.
Ticket Out the Door
• Name three forces of the Earth that cause
geographic changes. Explain how each
force changes the earth.