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Homework 3 due Thursday 17th or Tuesday 22nd Study Area Felmley Hall 203 Lab Samples Practice Lab Exam The Universe and Solar System Reigning Theory of the Formation of the Universe Big Bang Four Forces of Nature 1.Gravity 2. Strong 3. Weak 4. Electromagnetic The Milky Way Galaxy The Milky Way Galaxy Earth Origin of the Solar System Nebular Theory Swirling Cloud of Star Dust Rotating Cloud Flattens into a Disk Condensation and Accretion Once a protostar has become a hydrogenburning star, a strong stellar wind forms, usually along the axis of rotation. Thus, many young stars have a bipolar outflow, a flow of gas out the poles of the star. This is a feature which is easily seen by radio telescopes. This early phase in the life of a star is called the TTauri phase. Our Solar System Rocky Planets Gaseous Planets Planetary Differentiation During the time of partial melting, all the terrestrial planets separated into three layers of differing physical and chemical composition. • Crust - outer layer • Mantle - middle layer • Core - center Uniqueness of Earth Uniqueness of Earth Water in 3 phases – Hydrosphere Solid Liquid gas Uniqueness of Earth Biosphere plants and animals Uniqueness of Earth Plate Tectonics - crust, mantle, and core are in motion Why are there so few impact craters visible on Earth? Earth System Science The Earth can be divided into individual parts (systems) to be studied, but it is recognized that each part interacts with many other parts. The boundaries of a system can be defined however you want. Systems are defined by how energy and matter cross the boundaries. 3 Types of Systems Isolated - no mass Closed Open transfer - no energy transfer - no mass transfer - energy transfer - mass transfer - energy transfer Types of Systems Doesn't Exist The Earth (almost) The Atmosphere Earth's Major Subsystems - the 4 spheres Biosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Major Earth Cycles • Energy and matter are exchanged between cycles Water Cycle Tectonic Cycle Tectonic Cycle