Download Management_of_Clinical_Mastitis

Reducing the incidence of
Clinical Mastitis
Possible Mastitis Targets per 100 cows per year
-No. cases; 30 cases from 20 cows, max 3 ill.
-Tube use: 100 clinical
340 dry
-SCC
< 250 000
-Culling
4
What is Mastitis
• Inflammation of the udder most commonly due
to bacterial infection.
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Grading:
• Grades: - Normal
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- Subclinical (high SCC)
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- Clinical – Grade 1 (abnormal milk but cow normal)
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- Grade 2 - (abnormal milk+ udder changes
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(swollen/hot/painful 2A = acute
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2C = chronic
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- Grade 3(abnormal milk, udder changes and cow ill, toxic)
• Use:- help decide on a treatment plan:
•
I/M tube +/- injection +/- I/V fluids- the 3 F’s),
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- decide if milk sampling is necessary to identify the bacteria
Where does the infection come
from ?
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Contageous ; Environmental
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•
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Staph. Aureus
Strep. Agalactiae
Strep. Uberis
Uberis
Mycoplasma
moulds
C. bovis
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E.coli
Strep.
Yeasts and
Pasturella
Simplified examples:
Grade 1- Staph, Strep, E.coli
Grade 2A- Staph, Strep,
E.coli,C.pyogenes(dry cows)
Grade 2C- Staph (S. aureus)
Grade 3- E. coli, C.pyogenes
Factors Affecting The Incidence of
Mastitis
• 1/Cow Factors
• 2/Milking Machine Factors
• 3/Environmental Factors
• 4/Human Factors
• 5/Nutritional Factors
1- Cow Factors
-Genetic selection
-Yield
-Anatomy - udder
conformation
•
- teat
•
conformation
-Behavior
-Intercurrent disease (BVD,lepto,Dig.derm)
-Cell counts (Staph
aureus carriers)
2- Milking Machine Factors
-vacuum levels (cause
teat damage)
-vacuum reserve
-Liner wear
3- Environmental Factors
Cubicle management
and hygiene
• Straw yard
management
• (2-3 tons/yr, dry)
• Stock density
•
8.0sq.m /cow
• ventilation (squelch test)
Tubes Used Per Month
5000
4000
3000
2006
2007
2000
1000
0
Jan.
May Sep.
4- Human Factors
stockmanship (attention to detail)
herdsperson:cow ratio
5- Nutritional Factors
metabolic disease -ve E.balance
• intercurrent disease(BVD)
• vit. E/selenium def.
How can we reduce the cost of
treament:
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Reduce the incidence:
Attention to the 5 (7) point plan.
Use Orbiseal (Nick Butler from Pfizer)
Better Targeting of Treatment:
milk Sampling (Grade 2C, Grade 3, herd
with a problem)
• What is the benefit:- identify the bacteria
•
- test sensitivity
Preventing new infections:
the five(seven) point plan 1- teat management
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2- milking machine
•
maintenance
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3 - Treatment of
•
clinical cases
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4 - Dry cow therapy
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5 - culling problem
•
cows
•
6 - Environmental
•
management
•
7 - Nutrition
Monitoring the True Mastitis
Position in the Herd
• Quarters should not receive more than 3
separate courses of therapy within 1
lactation without veterinary review
• Mastitis Records: to monitor individual
cows and identify possible cull cases.
Which Tube/ Treatment to Use:
Milking Cow Tubes
Tetra Delta
Synuilox
Pirsue
Leo Yellow
Lincocin Forte S
Pathocef
Orbenin LA
Cephaguard LC
Lactatrim
Injection
Synulox
Cephaguard
Framomycin
Tylan
Summary: Aiming to reduce the
cost of Mastitis:
• Monitoring Mastitis Levels:
• (tube use, record sheets)
• to spot problems early.
• Grading to Decide on a Treatment Plan
• Identifying the Pathogen
- allows the source of infection to be spotted
- Sensitivity tests allow the most appropriate
antibiotic to be chosen