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WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW??? NON POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION • • • • • • CROP LAND FEED LOTS LOGGED FORESTS GOLF COURSES STREETS PARKING LOTS SEDIMENTATION • #1 SOURCE OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES THAT LEAD TO WATER POLLUTION 8 • ONE OUT OF EVERY _____ PEOPLE DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO CLEAN DRINKING WATER MAJOR WATER POLLUTANTS • • • • • PLANT NUTRIENTS OXYGEN-DEMANDING WASTES INFECTIOUS AGENTS (PATHOGENS) SEDIMENTS HEAVY METALS 70 • What percent of our planet is water? 3% • What percent of the Earth’s water is fresh water? SEWAGE, ANIMAL WASTES, INORGANIC FERTILIZERS • SOURCES OF NITRATES AND PHOSPHATES PLANT NUTRIENTS • THIS POLLUTANT CAUSES EXCESSIVE GROWTH OF ALGAE 1.5 million • How many children die of diarrhea every year? To determine the health of a stream • Why do scientists study macroinvertebrates in water? DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA • • • • TYPHOID FEVER CHOLERA LEGIONNAIRE’S E. COLI Escherichia coli • THIS BACTERIA LIVES IN THE COLONS AND INTESTINES OF HUMANS AND OTHER ANIMALS AND THUS ARE PRESENT IN THEIR FECAL WASTES. They aid in digestion and are common in feces. UNSAFE WATER • WORLD’S SINGLE LARGEST CAUSE OF ILLNESS 150 • How many gallons of water does the average American use every day? MISSISSIPPI • What is the largest watershed in the US? IRRIGATION (AGRICULTURE) • Name the #1 use of water in the world RESERVOIR What is an artificial lake created by a dam? EUTROPHICATION Process by which nutrients increase in a lake, while oxygen levels decrease. AQUIFER An underground rock formation that holds water LEAKING PIPES • THE MAIN CAUSE OF WATER WASTE BIOMAGNIFICATION Process by which increasing amounts of toxins are stored in the bodies of organisms as toxins move up a food chain FERTILIZER RUNOFF FROM AGRICULTURE • The main cause of the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico WATERSHED • An area of land that is drained by a river. GARBAGE PATCH (GYRE) • A HUGE AREA OF PLASTICS AND GARBAGE THAT CIRCULATE IN THE OCEANS Name 3 elements/compounds that biomagnify • • • • Mercury Lead DDT PCB LAND SINKS (SUBSIDES), WATER TABLE FALLS • What happens when too much water is removed from an aquifer? HEAT POLLUTION • What type of water pollution is caused when the water is too warm for fish to tolerate and oxygen levels decrease How many different types of water pollution can you name? • • • • • • • • • • • Phosphates Nitrates Heavy metals like mercury, lead, cadmium and Litter Pathogens Organic matter like plants, animals and feces Sedimentation Pesticides Thermal pollution pH from mines or acid rain (alkaline or acidic water) Habitat modification GIVE 3 ADVANTAGES OF A DAM • • • • • • hydroelectric power- clean energy Recreation areas Jobs Flood prevention Irrigation water for farmers Drinking water • Name 3 DISADVANTAGES OF DAMS • Loss of jobs • Fish species can die out because the water flow is altered • People may lose their homes and land • Siltation • Destruction of cultural sites • Loss of water due to evaporation Choose the correct test for each statement • Measures the cloudiness of water • TURBIDITY • Affected by speed and temperature of water • DO • Trout requires ____ levels of DO • High 9-12 • Affected by silt, clay, organic matter and plankton/microscopic organisms • TURBIDITY • • • • • • • • Blue baby syndrome NITROGEN Drinking water cannot contain any levels FECAL COLIFORM Found in fertilizers, body waste, detergents PHOSPHATES Measured with a secchi disk TURBIDITY • • • • Vegetation alongside a river bank RIPARIAN Indicator species for low DO LEECHES, BLACKFLY LARVAE, SLUDGE WORMS EPIDEMIOLOGIST • Someone who studies infectious diseases MALAISE • The condition of feeling weak, having no energy, common among those suffering from water borne illnesses What is effluent? • Liquid waste from sewage treatment or industrial processes that is released into a waterway ORGANISMS THAT INDICATE THE HEALTH OF A STREAM • BIOINDICATORS PROCESS BY WHICH ADDED NUTRIENTS CAUSE A DECREASE IN DISSOLVED OXYGEN • EUTROPHICATION PATHOGEN • A disease causing microorganism HYPOXIA • LOW LEVELS OF OXYGEN GULF OF MEXICO • A LARGE DEAD ZONE IS LOCATED HERE