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Active Lecture Questions Chapter 20 Antimicrobial Drugs Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a. antihelminthic—inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation b. antihelminthic—inhibition of cell wall synthesis c. antifungal—injury to plasma membrane d. antifungal—inhibition of mitosis e. antiviral—inhibition of DNA synthesis All of the following are modes of action of antiviral drugs except a. inhibition of protein synthesis at 70S ribosomes. b. inhibition of DNA synthesis. c. inhibition of RNA synthesis. d. inhibition of uncoating. e. none of the above Which of the following modes of action would not be fungicidal? a. b. c. d. e. inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis inhibition of mitosis injury to the plasma membrane inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis none of the above An antimicrobial agent should meet all of the following criteria except a. b. c. d. e. selective toxicity. the production of hypersensitivities. a narrow spectrum of activity. no production of drug resistance. none of the above The most selective antimicrobial activity would be exhibited by a drug that a. b. c. d. e. inhibits cell wall synthesis. inhibits protein synthesis. injures the plasma membrane. inhibits nucleic acid synthesis. all of the above Antibiotics that inhibit translation have side effects a. b. c. d. e. because all cells have proteins. only in the few cells that make proteins. because eukaryotic cells have 80S ribosomes. at the 70S ribosomes in eukaryotic cells. none of the above Which of the following will not affect eukaryotic cells? a. b. c. d. e. inhibition of the mitotic spindle binding with sterols binding to 80S ribosomes binding to DNA All of the above will affect them. Cell membrane damage causes death because a. b. c. d. e. the cell undergoes osmotic lysis. cell contents leak out. the cell plasmolyzes. the cell lacks a wall. none of the above A drug that intercalates into DNA has the following effects. Which one leads to the others? a. b. c. d. e. It disrupts transcription. It disrupts translation. It interferes with DNA replication. It causes mutations. It alters proteins. Chloramphenicol binds to the 50S portion of a ribosome, which will interfere with a. b. c. d. e. transcription in prokaryotic cells. transcription in eukaryotic cells. translation in prokaryotic cells. translation in eukaryotic cells. DNA synthesis. The birth of modern chemotherapy is credited to the efforts of a. b. c. d. Alexander Fleming Paul Ehrlich Robert Koch Louis Pasteur What was the first antibiotic discovered? a. b. c. d. Tetracycline Erythromycin Streptomycin Penicillin More than half of our antibiotics are produced by species of a. b. c. d. Mycobacterium Streptomyces Clostridium Bacillus Which of the following are the easiest to treat with antimicrobial agents? a. b. c. d. Viruses Fungi Bacteria Protozoa Practically all antibiotic-producing microbes have the ability to produce a(n) a. b. c. d. Exotoxin Spore Endotoxin Capsule What is the mode of action of the drug penicillin? a. b. c. d. Protein synthesis inhibition Plasma membrane injury Nucleic acid inhibition Cell wall inhibition How many major modes of action are utilized by antimicrobial drugs? a. b. c. d. Four Five Three Six Some antimicrobial agents demonstrate competitive inhibition, as is represented by the relationship of sulfanilamide and a. b. c. d. Peptidoglycan Para-aminobenzoic acid Teichoic acid Muramic acid The antifungal drug amphotericin combines with sterols to disrupt the activity of the fungus. Its mode of action is to a. b. c. d. Inhibit the synthesis of essential metabolites Injure the plasma membrane Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis Inhibit cell wall synthesis Which test determines the activity of antimicrobials? a. b. c. d. Kirby-Bauer test Broth dilution test Coagulase test -lactamase test Which of the following are more resistant to antibiotics? a. b. c. d. Gram-positive bacteria Gram-negative bacteria Acid-fast bacteria Diphtheroids Strains of bacteria resistant to antibiotics are particularly common among a. b. c. d. Hospital patients IV drug users Hospital workers The general population In developed parts of the world, it is estimated that viruses are responsible for at least a. b. c. d. 60% of infectious illnesses 50% of infectious illnesses 75% of infectious illnesses 90% of infectious illnesses The treatment of bacterial endocarditis is much more effective when both penicillin and streptomycin are used together than when taken alone. This is an example of a. b. c. d. Symbiosis Commensalism Synergism Antagonism At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the infections of which of the following are among the ten leading causes of death in the United States? a. b. c. d. Bacteria Fungi Helminths Viruses