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Esophageal Cancer By: Sydney Trecarichi, Hayley Cash and Jordan Wittig What Is It? • Esophageal cancer is a tumor that begins to grow in the lining of the esophagus, and then can grow through the wall of the esophagus. • If the tumor grows through the esophageal wall, it can spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system. What causes Esophageal Cancer? • • Cells in your esophagus develop errors in their DNA. These errors make cells grow and divide out of control. • Other Causes can be: o Gender– the disease is more common in men. o Heredity – it is more likely in people who have close relatives with cancer. o Tobacco smoking and heavy alcohol use. Effects on the Body: • • • Difficulty swallowing. Affects the nerves in the area, causing pain. Affects the blood vessels in the area, which causes bleeding. Stages of Esophageal Cancer: Stage 0: • Stago 0 is found in the innermost layer of the cells lining the esophagus. Stage I: • Cancer has spread beyond the innermost layer of cells to the next layer of tissue in the esophagus wall. Stage II: Depending on where cancer has spread, it is divided into stage IIA and IIB. o IIA: Cancer has spread to the outer wall of the esophagus. o IIB: Cancer has spread to any of the first three layers of the esophagus. Stage III: Cancer has spread to the outer wall and may have spread to the lymph nodes or tissues near the esophagus. Stage IV: Depending on where cancer has spread, it is divided into stage IVA and IVB. o IVA: Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. o IVB: Cancer has spread to distant lymph nodes and/or organs. • • • How is Esophageal Cancer Detected? • • Cancers of the esophagus are found because of the symptoms they cause. Unfortunately, most esophageal cancers do not cause symptoms until they have reached an advanced stage, when they are harder to treat. Treatments Stage 0: Surgery. Stage I: Surgery. Stage II: Surgery and Chemotherapy. Stage III: Surgery and Chemotherapy. Stage IV: Radiation and Chemotherapy. • • • • • Is There a Cure? • Esophageal cancer is not commonly cured because usually it doesn't produce symptoms until it has progressed. • In late-stage esophageal cancer, clinical trials using experimental procedures and medications are sometimes encouraged. • • • • • • Is there a way to prevent Esophageal Cancer? Smoking is a major risk factor into the development of esophageal cancer. Long term alcohol abuse is terrible for your health and can lead to cancer. About 75% of esophageal cancers are linked to excessive alcohol consumption. Eating healthy is always a way to prevent most types of cancer. Maintaining a healthy weight is important because being overweight or obese puts you at a higher risk for developing esophageal cancer than those who are in a healthy weight range. Heartburn increases your risk for developing esophageal cancer. These are many risks but there is no certain way to prevent Esophageal Cancer. Additional Information • Every year we participate in Relay For Life and raise money http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFi for cancer research. VgAdqIN0 Support Groups • • • ECAA- Esophageal Cancer Awareness Association: The ECAA is devoted to helping patients, survivors, and anybody at risk of this disease. American Cancer Society: Provides day to day help and constant support. Sources • http://www.cancer.org/cancer/esophaguscancer • • /detailedguide/esophagus-cancer-diagnosis http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/esop hageal http://www.ecaware.org/