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UKSG Serial Resource
Management for 21st Century
Getting Technical - Linking
Ross MacIntyre
MIMAS
University of Manchester
Primary funding is provided by the JISC and ESRC.
Based at Manchester Computing, The University of Manchester.
11
A mixed bag of jargon
• The basics of the web
• Linking
– D.I.Y.
– DOI
– CrossRef
– OpenURL
• Open Archives Initiative – ‘e-prints’
• Usage statistics
Getting Technical - Linking
UKSG SRM
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How does the Web
(currently)
work?
3 simple protocols:
Data Format
HTML
Addressing
URL
Transport
HTTP
Data Formats
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
provides the data format for native documents
Addressing
URLs (Uniform Resource Locator) provides an
addressing mechanism for web resources
Transport
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) defines
transfer of resources between client and server
Getting Technical - Linking
UKSG SRM
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How does the Web work?
The Netsoft
home page
1 User clicks on link to the address (URL)
http://www.netsoft.com/hello.html
2 Browser converts link to HTTP command (METHOD):
Connect to computer at www.netsoft.com
GET /hello.html
Welcome to
Netsoft
3 Remote computer sends file
<HTML>
<TITLE>Welcome</TITLE>..
<P>Welcome to <B>Netsoft
</B>
Web
server
Web Browser
4 Local computer displays HTML file
Getting Technical - Linking
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Linking – what’s required?
•
•
•
•
User - ‘easy’
Library - accurate
Publishers - secure
Intermediary - standard
Getting Technical - Linking
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Linking Mechanisms
URL-based include:
• explicit filename
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue24/intro.html
• derived filename, e.g. ISSN, SICI
http://www.jstor.ac.uk/journals/10624783.html
• script, e.g.
http://www.esajournals.org/esaonline/?request=getabstract&issn=00129658&volume=077&issue=08&page=2302
Getting Technical - Linking
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Getting Technical - Linking
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Linking Mechanisms
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI):
• is a unique “dumb number” assigned to an entity
• remains persistent for the life of the digital object
• is comprised of a prefix and a suffix separated by
a forward slash
One or more prefix per content producer
The suffix can be any type of identifier
The suffix can be assigned to entities of any size or
granularity or any file type
Getting Technical - Linking
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Linking Mechanisms
The DOI is analogous to the Universal Product Code
(UPC) bar code
But…
the DOI is not equivalent to a Universal Resource
Locator (URL)
A URL points to the location (to an instance) of
content. Whereas a DOI permanently names that
CONTENT and facilitates retrieving multiple
instances of it, or of other associated information
Getting Technical - Linking
10
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CrossRef/DOI resolution
DOI
link
ReferencesDOI
URL to
DOI
Metadata
Publisher
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/57.1.95
Getting Technical - Linking
11
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OpenURL
Pat Harris, Executive Director of NISO:
"One message we hear is that the new business model
will be enabled by information technology with
standards at the core. This is where NISO fits in.
…over five hundred years ago Guttenberg
fundamentally changed communication and learning.
Today NISO's challenge is to create those standards
that will enable the modern day Gothenburg Moment.
Could it be the OpenURL?"
Getting Technical - Linking
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OpenURL format ::= Base URL ? Query
Base-URL
- Server address for the service component (eg SFX)
Query
- Elements of the metadata (or pointer to metadata)
- Information supporting delivery of services
http://sfx.aaa.edu/menu?genre=article&issn=1234-5678
&volume=12&issue=3&spage=1&epage=8&date=1998
&aulast=Smith&aufirst=Paul
Getting Technical - Linking
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“NOU” linking
* NOU – non OpenURL
.
Resource
Link
Source
Resource
Link
Link
Destination
Provision of Links
Resolution of Links
Oren Beit-Arie, ExLibris
Getting Technical - Linking
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OpenURL linking
Context Sensitive
.
Resource
Link
Source
Resolver/Link Server
OpenURL
Service
Link
Component
Hook
Provision of Hooks
Resource
Link
Link
Link
Link
Destination
Link
Destination
Link
Destination
Link
Destination
Resolution into Links
Oren Beit-Arie, ExLibris
Getting Technical - Linking
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The SFX Flow – WoS record as link source
Getting Technical - Linking
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Use of SFX in ‘ac.uk’
•
Maximise use of (appropriate) e-resources
1. to increase use of (their) e-journals
2. provide links from bibliographic resources
•
•
•
Help with e-journal management – please!
All sources possible, targets limited to major
‘bundled’ deals – ‘slowly & accurately’
Launch ‘quickly but quietly’
Getting Technical - Linking
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The Open Archives Initiative
• 1999 Universal Preprint Service (UPS)
• Multi-disciplinary DL of technical reports, e-print servers, etc.
• Services provided on harvested metadata
• Data Providers / Service Providers
• Sharing versus searching
• OAI is only about metadata – not full text
• OAI is neutral about nature of metadata
and the resources described
Getting Technical - Linking
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OAI Metadata Harvesting Framework
• Simple mechanism for sharing metadata records
• Records shared over the web (ie HTTP as XML)
• ‘Client’ can ask metadata server for
– all records
– all records modified in last ‘n’ days
– info about sets, formats, etc.
• Specific application: self-archiving via e-print servers
in/for all institutions
Getting Technical - Linking
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•
Consistent, Credible & Compatible
Usage Statistics
Code of Practice for:
•
–
–
–
–
•
Data elements to be measured
Definitions of these data elements
Output report formats/delivery/frequency/granularity
Methods for measurement and use
AAP, ALPSP, ARL, ASA, EDItEUR,
JISC, NCLIS, NISO, PA, STM, UKSG
Getting Technical - Linking
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Thanks for listening
SFX & OpenURL – http://www.sfxit.com/
DOI – http://www.doi.org
CrossRef – http://ww.crossref.org/
OAI – http://www.openarchives.org/
e-prints – http://www.eprints.org/
COUNTER – http://www.projectCounter.org/
email: [email protected]
web: http://www.mimas.ac.uk/
Getting Technical - Linking
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