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GPS for our study of Genetics • S7L3 Students will recognize how biological traits are passed on to successive generations. • S7L3a Students will explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait. • S7L3c Students will recognize that selective breeding can produce plants and animals with desired traits. 1. Pedigree is a diagram that shows the family history of a genetic trait. 2. Allele: different forms of a gene. You get one allele for each gene from each parent. 3. Genotype: an organisms genetic makeup or allele combinations. Ex. AA, Bb 4. Phenotype: physical appearance or visible traits. ex blue eyes, tall or freckles 5. Homozygous: having two of the same alleles for a trait. ex .TT, tt, YY 6 Heterozygous: having two different alleles for a trait ex Tt, Bb 7. Diploid: the total chromosome number – in humans that is 46 chromosomes. 8. Haploid: half of the total chromosome number. Human’s haploid # is 23 • 9. RNA – Ribonucleic Acid – a molecule that is present in all living cells and helps to make proteins. • 10. Meiosis (my OH sis) the process of cell division that results in the production of sex cells. • 11. Punnett square ~ a tool that shows the possible outcomes of the offspring in a genetic cross. 12. Dominant : an allele whose trait shows even if just one allele is present; a capital letter is used to represent a dominant allele such as Y for yellow. 13. Recessive: an allele that is masked or hidden when a dominant allele is present; the lower case letter (of the dominant allele) is used to represent a recessive allele, such as y for green Read over these Balderdash vocab words right now – we’ve used them, now memorize them. Vocab test over these 13 words will be Tue. March 22