Download Performance Modifiers

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
Performance Modifiers
1
The Problem
•After the realization that animals had a
need for protein supplementation the
livestock industry was still trying to
find ways to increase efficiency and
productivity.
2
The Solution
• Practical methods of utilizing synthetic or
manufactured compounds to enhance
growth and efficiency were developed.
• These Compounds:
– Performance Modifiers
3
What is a Performance Modifier?
• Somatotropins
– Proteins that affect the utilization of energy in
the body
– Produced in the pituitary gland, located at the
base of the brain.
4
Performance Modifiers
• Examples
– Injectables
• Bovine Somatotropin (BST)
• Porcine Somatotropin (PST)
– Implants
• Growth hormones and steriods
5
Bovine Somatotropin (BST)
6
BST and the Cow
• Produced naturally in the pituitary gland,
located at the base of the brain.
• Causes energy derived from feed to be used
for milk production rather than for weight
gain.
7
Without BST?
Energy From Food
• Growth
Milk
_____________________________________
With BST
Energy from Feed
Growth
Milk
8
Genetic Engineering & BST
• The advancement in technology has allowed
for the manufacture of “recombinant bovine
somatotropin” (rBST)
• The Food and Drug Administration
approved rBST for use in November of
1993.
9
Administration of BST
• Recommendation:
– Injections should begin 9 weeks after the cow
has calved
– Repeat injection every 14 days throughout
lactation
– Discontinue use 2 weeks before the end of
lactation
10
What cows should have BST?
• The cow should be:
–
–
–
–
In good body condition
Gaining weight
Well managed
Fed a balanced ration with high quality forage
11
Which cows should NOT have
BST?
• Cows with:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Poor health
Poorly balanced rations
Inadequate feed
High somatic cell count
Stress
Breeding problems
12
Benefits of BST?
• Increase milk
production
– 5 to 15 pounds/day
70
68
66
64
62
60
58
56
54
Normal
+BST
13
Is it worth it?
That is for the farmer to determine!
14
Porcine Somatotropin (PST)
15
What is PST?
A protein produced in the pituitary gland
Growth Regulator
Production of PST decreases as a pig
matures
16
What are the benefits of PST?
Improves feed efficiency
Improves gain
Decreases fat deposition
Causing less back fat
Produces more muscle mass
Leading to a bigger loin eye area
17
18
19
Making PST Successful
Diet must consist of more protein and
amino acids to support the increased growth
rate.
20
Genetic Engineering & PST
• PST is produced in the pituitary gland at the
base of the brain.
• Synthetically producing PST
– Scientists have isolated the gene from the pig
and inserted it into E. coli
– E. coli then produces PST synthetically
– The PST is then isolated and injected into the
pig
21
Beef Cattle & Growth Implants
22
Growth Implants
• Have been extensively used in beef
production for over 30 years
• Can be used in cattle from 45 days old and
up
– Use of implants in NOT recommended for
replacement heifers or breeding bull calves
23
Benefits of Growth Implants
• Suckling Calves
– Improved weaning weights of 3-5%
• Feeder calves
– Improved feed efficiency and gain of 5-15%
24
Implant Use
• Injected into the
middle third of the
back side of the ear
• Outside the cartilage
ring at the base of the
ear
25
Nutrition Is Key!
• Cattle must have adequate nutrition before
the use of implants positively influences
feed efficiency and gain
26
Problems with Growth Implants
• Carcass Composition
– Heavy carcass weight with large frame, exotic
cattle
– Poor yield grades in heifers with certain types
of implants
– Poor quality grades if implanting schedules are
not managed appropriately
27
The key to successful results
from implants depend on…
Good
Management
28