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Topic 2.5 Function Review • Producers-basis of ecosystems, constant inputs of energy • Consumers- do not contain photosynthetic pigments. Cannot make their own food • Decomposers- break down tissues of dead orgainc matter, release nutrients back into soil Photosynthesis • Convert solar energy into chemical energy • Oxygen is a waste product when water is split • Imputs-sunlight, CO2, H2O • Processes- Chlorophyll traps sunlight, energy used to split H2O, H from H20 is used to combine with Carbon to make glucose • Outputs-Glucose used as (E) source for plants and for cont • Building blocks for other materials e.g. cellulose, starch • Output- O2 released from stomata • Transformations- Light (E) is transformed into Chemical (E) that is stored. Solar Radiation Respiration • Begins as an anerobic process in the cytoplasm of cells and moves into the mitochondria for aerobic reactions • Controlled by enzymes Respiration • Inputs- O2, Glucose • Processes- Oxidation Reduction reactions inside cells • Outputs- Release of (E) for work and heat • Transformations- Stored Chemical energy to kinetic energy and heat Carbon Cycle • Carbon is essential • Key component of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins • Carbon is fixed from simple to more complex molecules e.g. glucose • Decomposers release Carbon back into the atmosphere when they respire • Oil/Gas formed when marine organisms die to bottom of ocean. • Anaerobic conditions halt decay process • Burial/pressure/heat over time create these fuels • E.g. Limestone (calcium carbonate)formed by shells/corals being crushed and compressed into sedimentary rock • Weathering of Limestone, acid rain, and burning of fossil fuels return Carbon back into atmosphere • Denitrifying- N2 is returned; bacteria removes O2 from nitrates for use in repiration • Live in O2 poor soils Nitrogen Cycle • Important in amino acids=proteins, nucleic acids=DNNA • Most abundant 80% • Very stable • Not directly accessible for plants/animals • Only certain bacteria (N-fixing) can generate (E) to convert N2 into ammonia • Driven by 4 types of bacteria – – – – N fixing bacteria (e.g. mychorrhizae) Decomposers Nitrifying bacteria Dentirifying bacteria • N-fixing: Azotobacter or Rhizobium (sybiotic relationship) • Decomposers- produce ammonia and ammonium compounds; also present in excretory compounds • Nitrifying bacteria- oxidize ammonia into nitrates and then nitrites; ammonia/nitrites =toxic to plants/animals , BUT nitrates are taken up by H2O=amino Water Cycle • One major input= Precipitation (PPT) • Two major outputsevapotranspiration (EVT) and run off • Storages of water-vegetation, surface, soil moisture, groundwater, and water channels. • Also includes the atmosphere and the oceans Gross/Net Productivity • Primary productivity-The gain of producers in energy or biomass • Secondary-biomass gained by heterotrophic org. through feeding • Can be divided into gross and net • GP- Gross Productivity- total gain in (E) of (BM)/area/time • GPP- gross primary productivitygained through photosynthesis in primary producers • GSP- gross secondary- gained through absorption in consumers • NP- Net productivity- the gain in (E) or (BM) after respiratory losses ( R) – can have NPP and NSP